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Some key physiological and molecular processes of cold acclimation

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  • Published:
Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

Agricultural production worldwide has been severely impacted by cold and freezing stresses. Plant capacity to acclimate to environmental conditions in their immediate vicinity largely control their survival, growth, and productivity. Molecular as well as biochemical mechanisms underpinning plant cold acclimation are very complex and interwoven. The cold-impacted plants try to modulate expression of variety genes controlling cell membrane lipid composition, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, total soluble proteins, polyamines, glycinebetaine, proline, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, cryoprotectants, and a large number of cold responsive factors. To this end, this paper dissects the array of transcriptional factors/genes down- or up-regulated, their identification in different plant species, recognition of cold tolerant/resistant transgenic plants, complexity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, as well as their cross talk under different stresses and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, it also comprehensively elucidates physio-biochemical interferences in cold acclimation with a particular emphasis on endogenous content as well as exogenously supplied different types of polyamines, ROS, and osmoprotectants. Overall, low temperature stress tolerance or cold acclimation varies greatly among species depending on the stress intensity and duration and type of plant species.

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Abbreviations

α-Gal:

alpha-galactosidase

ABA:

abscisic acid

ADC:

arginine decerboxylase

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

BADH:

betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase

bHLH:

basic helix-loop-helix

CBF:

C-repeat/DRE-binding factor

COR:

cold-regulated

DRE:

dehydration-responsive element

ERD:

early-responsive to dehydration

ERF:

ethylene-response factor

Fv/Fm :

variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence ratio

GA:

gibberellin

GB:

glycinebetaine

GPX:

glutathione peroxidase

ICE1:

inducer of CBF expression1

MAPK:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

MAPKK:

MAPK kinase

MAPKKK:

MAPK kinase kinase

MYB:

myeloblastosis

MYC:

myelocytomatosis

P5CS:

pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase

PAs:

polyamines

RCI:

rare cold-inducible gene

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

Spd:

spermidine

Spm:

spermine

TF:

transcription factor

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John, R., Anjum, N.A., Sopory, S.K. et al. Some key physiological and molecular processes of cold acclimation. Biol Plant 60, 603–618 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-016-0648-9

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