Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Changes in phytohormone contents in chickpea seeds germinating under lead or zinc stress

  • Published:
Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

The present work describes the changes that take place in phytohormone contents in germinating chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Aziziye-94) seeds in response to heavy metal stress. For this aim, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3), zeatin (Z) and zeatin riboside (ZR) contents were followed for 24, 48 and 72 h in chickpea seeds germinating at the concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mM Pb or 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mM Zn. The results showed that Pb and Zn significantly delayed and impeded the germination of chickpea seeds. The negative effect of Pb on germination was higher than that of Zn. Further, Pb increased ABA and Z contents while decreased GA3 content in the germinating seeds. The high concentrations of Zn (1.0 and 10 mM) decreased contents of Z, ZR and GA3 while 0.1 mM Zn increased the content of the same hormones. The ABA content was enhanced by Zn in all concentrations used.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ABA:

abscisic acid

GA3 :

gibberellic acid

PVPP:

polyvinyl polypyrrolidone

Z:

zeatin

ZR:

zeatin riboside

References

  • Ali, G., Srivastava, P.S., Iqbal, M.: Morphogenic and biochemical responses of Bacopa monniera cultures to zinc toxicity.-Plant Sci. 143: 187–193, 1999.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali, G., Srivastava, P.S., Iqbal, M.: Influenze of cadmium and zinc on growth and photosynthesis of Bacopa monniera cultivated in vitro.-Biol. Plant. 43: 599–601, 2000.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atanassova, L.Y., Pissarska, M.G., Stoyanov, I.G.: Cytokinins and growth response of maize and pea plants to salt stress.-Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 22: 22–31, 1996.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atıcı, Ö., Agar, G., Battal, P.: Interaction between endogenous plant hormones and α-amylase in germinating chickpea seeds under cadmium exposure.-Fresenius Environ. Bull. 12: 781–785, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battal, P., Tileklioğlu, B.: The effects of different mineral nutrients on the levels of cytokinins in maize (Zea mays L.).-Turk. J. Bot. 25: 123–130, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkelaar, E., Hale, B.: The relationship between root morphology and cadmium accumulation in seedlings of two durum wheat cultivars.-Can. J. Bot. 78: 381–387, 2000.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cakmak, I., Marschner, H., Bangert, F.: Effect of zinc nutritional status on growth, protein metabolism and levels of indole-3-acetic acid and other phytohormones in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).-J. exp. Bot. 40: 404–412, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakravarty, B., Srivastava, S.: Effect of cadmium and zinc interaction on metal uptake and regeneration on tolerant plants in linseed.-Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 61: 45–50, 1997.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, N.D., Berg, J.M.: Zinc fingers in Coenorhabditis elegans finding families and probing pathways.-Science. 282: 2018–2022, 1998.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clemens, S.: Molecular mechanisms of plant metal tolerance and homeostasis.-Planta 212: 475–786, 2001.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A., Plant, A.L., Moses, M.S., Bray, E.A.: Organ-specific and environmentally regulated expression of two abscisic acid-induced genes of tomato.-Plant Physiol. 97: 1367–1374, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colorado, P., Rodriguez, A., Nicolas, G., Rodriguez, D.: Abscisic acid and stress regulate gene expression during germination of chickpea seeds. Possible role of calcium.-Physiol. Plant. 91: 461–467, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curry, J., Morris, C.F., Walker-Simmons, M.K.: Sequence analysis of cDNA encoding a group 3 LEA mRNA inducible by ABA or dehydration stress in wheat.-Plant mol. Biol. 16: 1073–1076, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cutting, J.G.M.: Determination of the cytokinin complement in healthy and witchesbroom malformed protease.-J. Plant Growth Regul. 10: 85–89, 1991.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daie, J., Cambell, W.F.: Response of tomato plants to stressful temperature. Increase in abscisic acid concenytartions.-Plant Physiol. 67: 26–29, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debeaujon, I., Koornneef, M.: Gibberellin requirement for arabidopsis seed germination is determined both by testa characteristics and embryonic abscisic acid. - Plant Physiol. 122: 415–424, 2000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Degenhardt, B., Gimmler, H., Hose, E., Hartung, W.: Effect of alkaline and saline substrates on ABA contents, distribution and transport in plant roots.-Plant Soil 225: 83–94, 2000.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dewar, J., Taylor, J.R.N., Berjak, P.: Changes in selected plant growth regulators during germination in sorghum.-Seed Sci. Res. 8: 1–8, 1998.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dow, M.A., Schwintzer, C.R.: Seed germination, seedling emergence, and seed bank ecology of sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina L. Coult.).-Can. J. Bot. 77: 1378–1386, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fargasova, A.: Effect of Pb, Cd, Hg, As and Cr on germination and root growth of Sinapsis alba seeds.-Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52: 452–456, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farkhutdinov, R.G., Veselov S.U., Kudoyarova, G.R., Valcke, R.: Influence of temperature increase on evapotranspiration rate and cytokinin content in wheat seedlings.-Biol. Plant. 39: 289–291, 1997.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foy, C.D., Chaney, R.L., White, M.C.: The physiology of metal toxicity on plants.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 29: 511–566, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujioka, S., Sakurai, A., Yamaguchi, I., Murofushi, N., Takahashi, N., Kaihari, S., Takimota, A., Cleland, C:F.: Flowering and Endogenous levels of plant hormones in Lemna species.-Plant Cell Physiol. 27: 1927–1304, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gadallah, M.A.A., El-Enany, A.E.: Role of kinetin in alleviation of copper and zinc toxicity in Lupinus termis plants.-Plant Growth Regul. 29: 151–160, 1999.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamman, B., Koning, G., Him Lok, K.: Homeopathically prepared gibberellic acid and barley seed germination.-Homeopathy 92: 140–144, 2003.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrero, E.M., Lopez-Gonzalvez, A., Ruiz, M.A., Lucas-Garcia, J.A., Barbas, C.: Uptake and distribution of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in Brassica napus var. oleifera and Helianthus annus grown in contaminated soils.-Inter. J. Phytoremed. 5: 153–167, 2003.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, Y.T., Kao, C.H.: Role of abscisic acid in cadmium tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings.-Plant Cell Environ. 26: 867–874, 2003.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iglesias, R.G., Babiano, M.J.: Endogenous abscisic acid during the germination of chickpea seeds.-Physiol. Plant. 100: 500–504, 1997.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itai, C., Ben-Zioni, A., Ordin., L.: Correlative changes in endogenous hormones levels and shoot growth induced by short heat treatments to the roots.-Physiol. Plant. 29: 355–360, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias, A., Pendias, H.: Trace Elements in Soil and Plants.-CRC Press, Boca Raton 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuraishi, S., Tasaki, K., Sakurai, N., Sadatoku, K.: Changes in levels of cytokinin in etiolated squash seedlings after illumination.-Plant Cell Physiol. 32: 585–591, 1991.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Letham, D.S., Palni, L.M.S.: The biosynthesis and metabolism of cytokinins.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 34: 163–197, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Letham, D.S.: Cytokinins as phytohormones-sites of biosynthesis, translocation and function of translocated cytokinins.-In: Mok, D.W.S., Mok, M.C. (ed.): Cytokinins: Chemistry, Activity and Function. Pp 57–80. CRC Press, Boca Raton 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J.-N., Wang, J.-W., Kao, C.H.: Effects of abscisic acid and water stress on the senescence of detached rice leaves.-Biol. Plant. 42: 313–316, 1999.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machackova, I., Krekule, J., Seidlova, F., Strnad, M.: Cytokinins in photoperiodic introduction of flowering Chenopodium species.-Physiol. Plant. 87: 160–166, 1993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C.O., Skoog, F., von Saltza, H.M., Okumura, F.S., Strong, F.M.: Kinetin: structure and synthesis of kinetin.-J. amer. chem. Soc. 77: 2662–2663, 1955.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C.O.: A kinetin-like compound in maize.-Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 47: 170–174, 1961.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monni, S., Uhlig, C., Hansen, E., Magel, E.: Ecophysiological responses of Empetrum nigrum to heavy metal pollution.-Environ. Pollut. 112: 121–129, 2001.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, P.A., Van Staden, J.: Seasonal changes in the levels endogenous cytokinins in Sargassum heterophyllum (Phaeophyceae).-Bot. mar. 27: 437–442, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moraghan, J.T., Grafton, K.: Seed-zinc concentration and the zinc-efficiency trait in navy bean.-Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 63: 918–922, 1999.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherji, R., Maitra, P., Growth and metabolism of germinating rice (Oryzava L.) seeds as influenced by toxic concentrations of lead.-Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 81: 26–33, 1977.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nambara, E., Akazawa, T., Mccourt, P.: Effects of the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazol on mutants of Arabidopsis.-Plant Physiol. 97: 736–738, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nwosu, J.U., Harding, A.K., Linder, G.: Cadmium and lead uptake by edible crops grown in a silt loam soil.-Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 54: 570–578, 1995.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ober, E.S., Setter, T.L.: Water deficit induces ABA accumulation in endosperm of maize viviparous mutants.-Plant Physiol. 98: 353–356, 1992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paleg, L.G.: Physiological effects of gibberellic acid I. On carbohydrate metabolism and amylase activity of barley endosperm.-Plant Physiol. 35: 293–299, 1960.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pospíšilová, J.: Participitation of phytohormones in the stomatal regulation of gas exchange during water stress.-Biol. Plant. 46: 491–506, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pospíšilová, J., Synková, H., Rulcová, J.: Cytokinins and water stress.-Biol. Plant. 43: 321–328, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salisbury, F.B., Ross, C.W.: Plant Physiology. 2nd Ed.-Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanita di Toppi, L.S., Gabbrielli, R.: Response to cadmium in higher plants.-Environ. exp. Bot. 41: 105–130, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S.S., Kumar, V.: Responses of wild type and abscisic acid mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana to cadmium.-J. Plant Physiol. 159: 1323–1327, 2002.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shu, W.S., Yeb, Z.H., Lana, C.Y., Zhanga, Z.Q., Wongb, M.H.: Lead, zinc and copper accumulation and tolerance in populations of Paspalum distichum and Cynodon dactylon.-Environ. Pollut. 120: 445–453, 2002.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobolev, A.S., Melnichuk, Yu, P., Kalinin, F.L.: Adaptation of plant to inhibitory effect of cadmium.-Fiziol. Biokhim. kul’t. Rast. 14: 84–88, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sresty, T.V.S., Rao, K.V.M.: Ultrastructural alterations in response to zinc and nickel stress in the root cells of pigeon pea.-Environ. exp. Bot. 41: 3–13, 1999.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steffens, J.C.: The heavy metal-binding peptides of plants.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 41: 553–575, 1990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Székács, A., Hegedüs, G., Tóbiás, I., Pogány, M., Barna, B.: Immunoassays for plant cytokinins as tools for the assessment of environmental stress and disease resistance.-Anal. chim. Acta 42: 135–146, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talanova, V.V, Titov, A.F, Boeva N.P.: The effect of cadmium and lead ions on growth and proline and abscisic acid contents in cucumber seedlings.-Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 46: 141–143, 1999.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talanova, V.V., Titov, A.F., Boeva, N.P.: Effect of increasing concentrations of lead and cadmium on cucumber seedlings.-Biol. Plant. 43: 441–444, 2000.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Unyayar, S., Topcuoglu, S.F., Unyayar, A.: A modified method for extraction and identification of indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), Abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin produced by Phaneroochaete chrysosporium ME446.-Bull. J. Plant Physiol. 22: 105–110, 1996.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Assche, F., Clijsters, H.: Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants.-Plant Cell Environ. 13: 195–206, 1990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Assche, F., Clijsters, H.: Inhibiting of photosynthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris by treatment with toxic concentrations of zinc: effect on ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase.-J. Plant Physiol. 125: 355–360, 1986.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Staden, J., Davey, J., Brown, N.A.C.: Endogenous cytokinins in seed development and germination.-In: Khan, A.A. (ed.): The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination. Pp. 137–156. Elsevier Biomed. Press, Amsterdam 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varga, A., Martinez, R.M.G., Zaray, G., Ferenc, F.: Investigation of effects of cadmium, lead, nickel and vanadium contamination on the uptake and transport processes in cucumber plants by TXRF spectrometry.-Spectrochim. Acta Part B. 54: 1455–1462, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Q., Little, C.H.A., Sheng, C., Odén, Pharis, R.P.: Effect of exogenous gibberellin A4/7 on tracheid production, longitudinal growth and the levels of indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellins A4, A7 and A9 in terminal shoot of Pinus sylvestris seedlings.-Physiol. Plant. 86: 2002–208, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wickland, D.E.: Vegetation of heavy metal contaminated soils in North America.-In: Shaw, A.J. (ed.): Heavy metal tolerance in plants: Evolutionary aspects. Pp. 39–51. CRC Press, Boca Raton 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wierzbicka, M., Obidzinska, J.: The effect of lead on seed imbibition and germination in different plant species.-Plant Sci. 137: 155–171, 1998.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wierzbicka, M.: How lead loses its toxicity to plants.-Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 54: 81–91, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wozny, A., Zatorska, B.F., Mlodzianowski, F.: Influence of lead on the development of lupin seedlings and ultra-structural localization of this metal in the roots.-Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 51: 345–351, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong, Z.T.: Bioaccumulation and physiological effects of excess lead in a roadside pioneer species Sonchus oleraceus L.-Environ. Pollut. 97: 275–279, 1997.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong, Z.T.: Lead uptake and effects on seed germination and plant growth in a Pb hyperaccumulator Brassica pekinensis Rupr.-Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 60: 285–291, 1998.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaffari, G.R., Peres, L.E.P., Kerbauy, G.B.: Endogenous levels of cytokinins, indoleacetic acid, abscisic acid and pigments in variegated somaclones of micropropogated banan leaves.-Plant Growth Regul. 17: 59–61, 1998.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Science & Art Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Ö. Atici & G. Ağar

  2. Department of Biology, Science & Art Faculty, Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey

    P. Battal

Authors
  1. Ö. Atici
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. Ağar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. Battal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ö. Atici.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Atici, Ö., Ağar, G. & Battal, P. Changes in phytohormone contents in chickpea seeds germinating under lead or zinc stress. Biol Plant 49, 215–222 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-005-5222-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-005-5222-9

Additional key words

Search

Navigation