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Multielement determination (essential and potentially toxic elements) in eye shadows exposed to consumption in Brazil using ICP OES

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Abstract

Worldwide, cosmetics (especially eye shadows) are widely consumed and have a great impact on the economy. The aim of this study was to determine the multielement composition, focusing on essential and potentially toxic elements, in cosmetics (eye shadow) exposed to consumption in Brazil. Concentrations of 17 elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were determined in samples (produced in China and Brazil) using a sequential optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) after acid digestion, assisted by a closed digester block (6 mL of HNO3 + 2 mL of H2O2 + 1 mL of Triton ×-100 + 1 mL of ultrapure water). The method was validated by linearity, precision, accuracy, limits of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ). The elements were quantified (in µg g−1): Al (852–21,900), Ba (3.47–104), Cd (1.70–6.93), Cr (< 8.53–66.6), Cu (< 0.480–14.5), Mn (92.20–1,190), Ni (< 4.23–40.7), Pb (< 2.16–5.06), Sb (1.10–10.5), Sr (0.760–46.0), Ti (32.0–440), V (< 0.85–1.7) and Zn (24.90–2,600). As, Co, Mo and Se in all the investigated samples were found to be below the LoQ values of ICP OES. In this study, regardless of sample compositions and origins (Brazilian or Chinese), high levels of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, V and Zn were observed, exceeding the recommended maximum tolerable limits, according to Brazilian and global legislations, which may present potential risks to human health and the environment.

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Data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for State University of Bahia (UNEB), “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES)”, “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)”, and Research Group: Biopharmaceutics and Drugs.

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The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 41195-001, Brazil

    Cinira Mello Santana & Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior

  2. Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil

    Thaís Luz de Sousa, Lorena Santos Lobo, Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo & Daniele Cristina Muniz Batista dos Santos

  3. Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 41195-001, Brazil

    Abdon Luiz Ornelas Latif, Mariângela Vieira Lopes, Clícia Maria de Jesus Benevides & Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051900, Brazil

    Gleice Rayanne da Silva & Hemerson Iury Ferreira Magalhães

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  1. Cinira Mello Santana
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  2. Thaís Luz de Sousa
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Contributions

CMS: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis and writing—original draft. TLS: formal analysis, methodology and visualization. ALOL: formal analysis, methodology and visualization. LSL: formal analysis and methodology. GRS: methodology, prepared tables and visualization. HIFM: methodology, visualization and supervision. MVL: methodology, visualization and writing—review. CMJB: methodology, visualization and writing—review. RGOA: methodology, visualization and supervision. DCMBS: methodology, visualization and writing—review and editing. AFSJ: conceptualization, methodology, supervision and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior.

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Santana, C.M., de Sousa, T.L., Latif, A.L.O. et al. Multielement determination (essential and potentially toxic elements) in eye shadows exposed to consumption in Brazil using ICP OES. Biometals 35, 1281–1297 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-022-00444-y

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