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Synthesis, characterization and theoretical calculations of (1,2-diaminocyclohexane)(1,3-diaminopropane)gold(III) chloride complexes: in vitro cytotoxic evaluations against human cancer cell lines

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A Correction to this article was published on 11 August 2020

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Abstract

The gold(III) complexes of the type (1,2-diaminocyclohexane)(1,3-diaminopropane)gold(III) chloride, [(DACH)Au(pn)]Cl3, [where DACH = cis-, trans-1,2- and S,S-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and pn = 1,3-diaminopropane] have been synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques including elemental analysis, UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy; solution as well as solid-state NMR measurements. The solid-state 13C NMR shows that 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1,2-DACH) and 1,3-diaminopropane (pn) are strongly bound to the gold(III) center via N donor atoms. The stability of the mixed diamine ligand gold(III) was checked by UV–Vis spectroscopy and NMR measurements. The molecular structure of compound 1 (containing cis-1,2-DACH) was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure of 1 consists of [(cis-DACH)Au(pn)]3+ complex ion and chloride counter ions. Each gold atom in the complex ion adopts a distorted square-planar geometry. The structural details and relative stabilities of the four possible isomers of the complexes were also estimated at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theoretical calculations. The computational study demonstrates that trans- conformations are slightly more stable than the cis- conformations. The antiproliferative effects and cytotoxic properties of the mixed ligand gold(III) complexes were evaluated in vitro on human gastric SGC7901 and prostate PC3 cancer cells using MTT assay. The antiproliferative study of the gold(III) complexes on PC3 and SGC7901 cells indicate that complex 3 (containing 1S,2S-(+)-1,2-(DACH)) is the most effective antiproliferative agent. The IC50 data reveal that the in vitro cytotoxicity of complex 3 against SGC7901 cancer cells manifested similar and very pronounced cytotoxic effects with respect to cisplatin. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior, and the interaction of complex 3 with two well-known model proteins, namely, hen egg white lysozyme and bovine serum albumin is also reported.

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Change history

  • 11 August 2020

    Due to an unfortunate turn of events, the main affiliation of Dr. Saleh Altuwaijri was omitted from the above mentioned three articles. The complete affiliations are published below and should be treated as definitive.

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Acknowledgments

The author(s) would like to acknowledge the support provided by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) through the Science & Technology Unit at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) for funding this work through Project no. 10-BIO1368-04 as part of the National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan and to the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) for the internal Project IN 121049.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Said S. Al-Jaroudi, Abdulaziz A. Al-Saadi, Abdel-Nasser Kawde & Anvarhusein A. Isab

  2. Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Muhammad Altaf

  3. Clinical Research Laboratory, SAAD Research Development Center, SAAD Specialist Hospital, Al-Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia

    Saleh Altuwaijri

  4. Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54890, Pakistan

    Saeed Ahmad

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Al-Jaroudi, S.S., Altaf, M., Al-Saadi, A.A. et al. Synthesis, characterization and theoretical calculations of (1,2-diaminocyclohexane)(1,3-diaminopropane)gold(III) chloride complexes: in vitro cytotoxic evaluations against human cancer cell lines. Biometals 28, 827–844 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-015-9869-1

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