Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Functional role of DNRA and nitrite reduction in a pristine south Chilean Nothofagus forest

  • Published:
Biogeochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nitrite (NO2 −) is an intermediate in a variety of soil N cycling processes. However, NO2 − dynamics are often not included in studies that explore the N cycle in soil. Within the presented study, nitrite dynamics were investigated in a Nothofagus betuloides forest on an Andisol in southern Chile. We carried out a 15N tracing study with six 15N labeling treatments, including combinations of NO3 −, NH4 + and NO2 −. Gross N transformation rates were quantified with a 15N tracing model in combination with a Markov chain Monte Carlo optimization routine. Our results indicate the occurrence of functional links between (1) NH4 + oxidation, the main process for NO2 − production (nitritation), and NO2 − reduction, and (2) oxidation of soil organic N, the dominant NO3 − production process in this soil, and dissimilatory NO3 − reduction to NH4 + (DNRA). The production of NH4 + via DNRA was approximately ten times higher than direct mineralization from recalcitrant soil organic matter. Moreover, the rate of DNRA was several magnitudes higher than the rate of other NO3 − reducing processes, indicating that DNRA is able to outcompete denitrification, which is most likely not an important process in this ecosystem. These functional links are most likely adaptations of the microbial community to the prevailing pedo-climatic conditions of this Nothofagus ecosystem.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

Anammox:

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation

DNRA:

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium

GWC:

Gravimetric water content

MCMC:

Markov chain Monte Carlo

MOM:

Macro organic matter

PDF:

Parameter density function

SOM:

Soil organic matter

WFPS:

Water filled pore space

References

  • Azhar ES, Verhe R, Proot M, Sandra P, Verstraete E (1986) Binding of nitrite-N on polyphenols during nitrification. Plant Soil 94:369–382. doi:10.1007/BF02374331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson G, Bergwall C (2000) Fate of 15N labelled nitrate and ammonium in a fertilized forest soil. Soil Biol Biochem 32:545–557. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00183-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berntson GM, Aber JD (2000) Fast nitrate immobilization in N saturated temperate forest soils. Soil Biol Biochem 32:151–156. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00132-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Betlach MR, Tiedje JM (1981) Kinetic explanation for accumulation of nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide during bacterial denitrification. Appl Environ Microbiol 42:1074–1084

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth MS, Stark JM, Rastetter EB (2005) Controls on nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems: a synthetic analysis of literature data. Ecol Monogr 75:139–157. doi:10.1890/04-0988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burger M, Jackson LE (2004) Plant and microbial use and turnover: rapid conversion of nitrate to ammonium in soil with roots. Plant Soil 266:289–301. doi:10.1007/s11104-005-1362-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burns LC, Stevens RJ, Laughlin RJ (1995) Determination of the simultaneous production and consumption of soil nitrite using 15N. Soil Biol Biochem 27:839–844. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)00219-Q

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burns LC, Stevens RJ, Laughlin RJ (1996) Production of nitrite in soil by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Soil Biol Biochem 28:609–616. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(95)00175-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burton J, Chen C, Xu Z, Ghadiri H (2007) Gross nitrogen transformations in adjacent native and plantation forests of subtropical Australia. Soil Biol Biochem 39:426–433. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chalk PM, Smith CJ (1983) Chemodenitrification. In: Freney JR, Simpson JR (eds) Gaseous loss of nitrogen from plant soil systems. Martinus Nijhoff and Dr. W. Junk, Dordrecht, pp 65–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho CM, Mills JG (1979) Kinetic formulation of the denitrification process in soil. Can J Soil Sci 59:249–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson EA, Keller M, Erickson HE, Verchot LV, Veldkamp E (2000) Testing a conceptual model of soil emissions of nitrous and nitric oxides. Bioscience 50:667–680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson EA, Chorover J, Dail DB (2003) A mechanism of abiotic immobilization of nitrate in forest ecosystems: the ferrous wheel hypothesis. Glob Chang Biol 9:228–236. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00592.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson EA, Dail DB, Chorover J (2008) Iron interference in the quantification of nitrate in soil extracts and its effect on hypothesized abiotic immobilization of nitrate. Biogeochemistry 90:65–73. doi:10.1007/s10533-10008-19231-10536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doff Sotta E, Corre MD, Veldkamp E (2008) Differing N status and N retention processes of soils under old-growth lowland forest in Eastern Amazonia, Caxiuanã, Brazil. Soil Biol Biochem 40:740–750. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.10.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doxtader KG, Alexander M (1966) Nitrification by heterotrophic soil microorganisms. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 30:351–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott ET, Paustian K, Frey SD (1996) Modeling the measurable or measuring the modelable: a hierarchical approach to isolating meaningful soil organic matter fractionations. In: Powlson DS, Smith P, Smith JU (eds) Evaluation of soil organic matter models using existing long-term datasets. Springer, Berlin, pp 161–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Eylar OR, Schmidt EL (1959) A survey of heterotrophic micro-organisms from soil for ability to from nitrite and nitrate. J Gen Microbiol 20:473–481

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahrmeir l Künstler R, Pigeot I, Tutz G (2004) Statistik—Der Weg zur Datenanalyse. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzhugh RD, Christenson LM, Lovett GM (2003a) The fate of 15NO2 − tracer in soils under different tree species of the Catskill mountains, New York. Soil Sci Soc Am J 67:1257–1265

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzhugh RD, Lovett GM, Venterea RT (2003b) Biotic and abiotic immobilization of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in soils developed under different tree species in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA. Glob Chang Biol 9:1591–1601. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00694.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godoy R, Oyarzún CE, Gerding V (2001) Precipitation chemistry in deciduous and evergreen Nothofagus forests of southern Chile under a low-deposition climate. Basic Appl Ecol 2:65–72. doi:10.1078/1439-1791-00037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grenon F, Bradley RL, Titus BD (2004) Temperature sensitivity of mineral N transformation rates, and heterotrophic nitrification: possible factors controlling the post-disturbance mineral N flush in forest floors. Soil Biol Biochem 36:1465–1474. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.04.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hackl E, Bachmann G, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S (2004) Microbial nitrogen turnover in soils under different types of natural forest. For Ecol Manage 188:101–112. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart SC, Binkley D, Perry DA (1997) Influence of red alder on soil nitrogen transformations in two conifer forests of contrasting productivity. Soil Biol Biochem 29:1111–1123. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00004-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassink J (1995) Density fractions of soil macroorganic matter and microbial biomass as predictors of C and N mineralization. Soil Biol Biochem 27:1099–1108. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(95)00027-C

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hauck RD (1982) Nitrogen isotope ratio analysis. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (eds) Methods of soil analysis. Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp 735–779

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland EA, Dentener FJ, Braswell BH, Sulzman JM (1999) Contemporary and pre-industrial global reactive nitrogen budgets. Biogeochemistry 46:7–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Huygens D, Boeckx P, Van Cleemput O, Oyarzún CE, Godoy R (2005) Aggregate and soil organic carbon dynamics in South Chilean Andisols. Biogeosciences 2:159–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Huygens D, Rütting T, Boeckx P, Van Cleemput O, Godoy R, Müller C (2007) Soil nitrogen conservation mechanisms in a pristine south Chilean Nothofagus ecosystem. Soil Biol Biochem 39:2448–2458. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huygens D, Boeckx P, Templer PH, Paulino L, Van Cleemput O, Oyarzún CE, Müller C, Godoy R (2008) Mechanisms for retention of bioavailable nitrogen in volcanic rainforest soil. Nat Geosci 1:543–548. doi:10.1038/ngeo252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Islam A, Chen D, White RE, Weatherley AJ (2008) Chemical decomposition and fixation of nitrite in acidic pasture soils and implications for measurement of nitrification. Soil Biol Biochem 40:262–265. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IUSS Working Group WRB (2006) World reference base for soil resources. World soil resources report no. 103. FAO, Rome

  • Kirkham D, Bartholomew WV (1954) Equations for following nutrient transformations in soil, utilizing tracer data. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 18:33–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knowles R (1982) Denitrification. Microbiol Rev 46:43–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Landi L, Badalucco L, Pomarè F, Nannipieri P (1993) Effectiveness of antibiotics to distinguish the contributions of fungi and bacteria net nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and respiration. Soil Biol Biochem 25:1771–1778. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(93)90182-B

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leininger S, Urich T, Schloter M, Schwark L, Qi J, Nicol GW, Prosser JI, Schuster SC, Schleper C (2006) Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in soils. Nature 442:806–809. doi:10.1038/nature04983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linn DM, Doran JW (1984) Effect of water-filled pore space on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide production in tilled and nontilled soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 48:1267–1272

    Google Scholar 

  • Luxhøi J, Nielsen NE, Jensen LS (2003) Influence of 15NH4 +-application on gross N turnover rates in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 35:603–606. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00002-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mary B, Recous S, Robin D (1998) A model for calculating nitrogen fluxes in soil using 15N tracing. Soil Biol Biochem 30:1963–1979. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00068-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marzluf GA (1997) Genetic regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the fungi. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 61:17–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Meijboom FW, Hassink J, von Noordwijk M (1995) Density fractionation of soil macroorganic matter using silica suspensions. Soil Biol Biochem 27:1109–1111. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(95)00028-D

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder A, Van de Graaf AA, Robertson LA, Kuenen JG (1995) Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 16:177–184. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00281.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller C, Stevens RJ, Laughlin RJ (2004) A 15N tracing model to analyse N transformations in old grassland soil. Soil Biol Biochem 36:619–632. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.12.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller C, Stevens RJ, Laughlin RJ (2006) Sources of nitrite in a permanent grassland soil. Eur J Soil Sci 57:337–343. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00769.x (Erratum. Eur J Soil Sci 357:279)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller C, Rütting T, Kattge J, Laughlin RJ, Stevens RJ (2007) Estimation of parameters in complex 15N tracing models via Monte Carlo sampling. Soil Biol Biochem 39:715–726. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulvaney RL (1996) Nitrogen-inorganic forms. In: Sparks DL (ed) Methods of soil analysis. Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp 1123–1184

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanzyo M, Dahlgren RA, Shoji S (1993) Chemical characteristics of volcanic ash soils. In: Shoji S, Nanzyo M, Dahlgren RA (eds) Volcanic ash soils: genesis, properties and utilization. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 147–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson DW, Bremner JM (1969) Factors affecting chemical transformations of nitrite in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 1:229–239. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(69)90023-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nijburg JW, Laanbroek HJ (1997) The influence of Glyceria maxima and nitrate input on the composition and nitrate metabolism of the dissimilatory nitrate-reducing bacterial community. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 22:57–63. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00356.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oyarzún CE, Godoy R, de Schrijver A, Staelens J, Lust N (2004) Water chemistry and nutrient budgets in an undisturbed evergreen rainforest of southern Chile. Biogeochemistry 71:107–123. doi:10.1007/s10533-004-4107-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parfitt RL, Scott NA, Ross DJ, Salt GJ, Tate KR (2002) Land-use change effects on soil C and N transformations in soils of high N status: comparisons under indigenous forest, pasture and pine plantation. Biogeochemistry 66:203–221. doi:10.1023/B:BIOG.0000005324.37711.63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul EA (2007) Soil microbiology, ecology, and biochemistry. Academic Press, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul EA, Clark FE (1996) Soil microbiology and biochemistry. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen H, Dunkin KA, Firestone MK (1999) The relative importance of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification in a conifer forest soil as measured by 15N tracer and pool dilution techniques. Biogeochemistry 44:135–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Pepper DA, Eliasson PE, McMurtrie RE, Corbeels M, Ågren GI, Strömgren M, Linder S (2007) Simulated mechanisms of soil N feedback on the forest CO2 response. Glob Chang Biol 13:1265–1281. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01342.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perakis SS, Hedin LO (2001) Fluxes and fates of nitrogen in soil of an unpolluted old-growth temperate forest, southern Chile. Ecology 82:2245–2260

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez CA, Hedin LO, Armesto JJ (1998) Nitrogen mineralization in two unpolluted old-growth forests of contrasting biodiversity and dynamics. Ecosystems 1:361–374. doi:10.1007/s100219900030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pett-Ridge J, Silver WL, Firestone MK (2006) Redox fluctuations frame microbial community impacts on N-cycling rates in humid tropical forest soil. Biogeochemistry 81:95–110. doi:10.1007/s10533-006-9032-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piňeiro G, Oesterheld M, Batista WB (2006) Opposite changes of whole-soil vs. pools C:N ratios: a case of Simpson’s paradox with implications on nitrogen cycling. Glob Chang Biol 12:804–809. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01139.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Price SJ, Sherlock RR, Kelliher FM, McSeveny TM, Tate KR, Condron LM (2004) Pristine New Zealand forest soil is a strong methane sink. Glob Chang Biol 10:16–26. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00710x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radcliffe DJ, Gillman GP (1985) Surface charge characteristics of volcanic ash soils from the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea. In: Cadas EF, Yaalon DH (eds) Volcanic soil. Catena, Braunschweig, pp 35–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice EL, Pancholy SK (1972) Inhibition of nitrification by climax ecosystems. Am J Bot 59:1033–1040. doi:10.2307/2441488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russow R, Sich I, Neue H-U (2000) The formation of the trace gases NO and N2O in soils by the coupled processes of nitrification and denitrification: results of kinetic 15N tracer investigations. Chemosphere Glob Chang Sci 2:359–366. doi:10.1016/S1465-9972(00)00012-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rütting T, Müller C (2007) 15N tracing models with a Monte Carlo optimization procedure provide new insights on gross N transformations in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 39:2351–2361. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.04.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rütting T, Müller C (2008) Process-specific analysis of nitrite dynamics in a permanent grassland soil by using a Monte Carlo sampling technique. Eur J Soil Sci 59:208–215. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00976.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saghir NS, Mulvaney RL, Azam F (1993) Determination of nitrogen by microdiffusion in mason jars. 1. Inorganic nitrogen in soil extracts. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 24:1745–1762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schimel JP, Bennett J (2004) Nitrogen mineralization: challenges of a changing paradigm. Ecology 85:591–602. doi:10.1890/03-8002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schimel JP, Firestone MK, Killham KS (1984) Identification of heterotrophic nitrification in a Sierran forest soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 48:802–806

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaviv A (1988) Control of nitrification rate by increasing ammonium concentration. Fert Res 17:177–188. doi:10.1007/BF01050278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silver WL, Herman DJ, Firestone MK (2001) Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in upland tropical forest soils. Ecology 82:2410–2416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silver WL, Thompson AW, Bradbury D, Chapin FS III, Ewel JJ, Firestone MK (2003) Global patterns in dissimilatory nitrate reduction: a latitudinal gradient in nitrogen retention and loss. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting abstract B32B-0389

  • Silver WL, Thompson AW, Reich A, Ewel JJ, Firestone MK (2005) Nitrogen cycling in tropical plantation forests: potential controls on nitrogen retention. Ecol Appl 15:1604–1614. doi:10.1890/04-1322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skjemstad JO, Spouncer LR, Cowie B, Swift RS (2004) Calibration of the Rothamsted organic carbon turnover model (RothC ver. 26.3), using measurable soil organic carbon pools. Aust J Soil Res 42:79–88. doi:10.1071/SR03013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith CJ, Chalk PM (1979) Mineralization of nitrite fixed by soil organic matter. Soil Biol Biochem 11:515–519. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(79)90011-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith RV, Doyle RM, Burns LC, Stevens RJ (1997) A model for nitrite accumulation in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 29:1241–1247. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00028-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JU, Smith P, Monaghan R, Macdonald AJ (2002) When is a measured soil organic matter fraction equivalent to a model pool? Eur J Soil Sci 53:405–416. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00458.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Speir TW, Townsend JA, More RD, Hill LF (1999) Short-lived isotopic method to measure nitrous oxide emissions from a soil under four low-fertility management systems. Soil Biol Biochem 31:1413–1421. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00061-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sprent JI (1987) The ecology of the nitrogen cycle. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark JM (2000) Nutrient transformations. In: Sala OE, Jackson RB, Mooney HA, Howarth RW (eds) Methods in ecosystem science. Springer, New York, pp 215–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens RJ, Laughlin RJ (1994) Determining nitrogen-15 nitrite or nitrate by producing nitrous oxide. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58:1108–1116

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroo HF, Klein TM, Alexander M (1986) Heterotrophic nitrification in an acid forest soil and by an acid-tolerant fungus. Appl Environ Microbiol 52:1107–1111

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamm CO (1991) Nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems (Ecological Studies 81). Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiedje JM, Sexstone AJ, Myrold DD, Robinson JA (1982) Denitrification: ecological niches, competition and survival. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 48:569–583. doi:10.1007/BF00399542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Cleemput O, Baert L (1976) Theoretical considerations on nitrite self-decomposition reactions in soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 40:322–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Cleemput O, Baert L (1984) Nitrite: a key compound in N loss processes under acid conditions? Plant Soil 76:233–241. doi:10.1007/BF02205583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Cleemput O, Samater AH (1996) Nitrite in soils: accumulation and role in the formation of gaseous N compounds. Fert Res 45:81–89. doi:10.1007/BF00749884

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venterea RT (2007) Nitrite-driven nitrous oxide production under aerobic soil conditions: kinetics and biochemical controls. Glob Chang Biol 13:1798–1809. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01389.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venterea RT, Rolston DE (2000) Mechanisms and kinetics of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide production during nitrification in agricultural soils. Glob Chang Biol 6:303–316. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00309.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitousek PM, Gosz JR, Grier CC, Melillo JM, Reiners WA, Todd RL (1979) Nitrate losses from disturbed ecosystems. Science 204:469–474. doi:10.1126/science.204.4392.469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wrage N, Velthof GL, Van Beusichem ML, Oenema O (2001) Role of nitrifier denitrification in the production of nitrous oxide. Soil Biol Biochem 33:1723–1732. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00096-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeller B, Recous S, Kunze M, Moukoumi J, Colin-Belgrand M, Bienaimé S, Ranger J, Dambrine E (2007) Imfluence of tree species on gross and net N transformations in forest soil. Ann For Sci 64:151–158. doi:10.1051/forest:2006099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann M, Leifeld J, Schmidt MWI, Smith P, Fuhrer J (2006) Measured soil organic matter fractions can be related to pools in the RothC model. Eur J Soil Sci 58:658–667. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00855.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Ecology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    T. Rütting & C. Müller

  2. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden

    T. Rütting

  3. Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry – ISOFYS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    D. Huygens, O. Van Cleemput & P. Boeckx

  4. Instituto de Ingeniería Agraria y Suelos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile

    D. Huygens

  5. School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

    C. Müller

  6. Institute of Botany, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile

    R. Godoy

Authors
  1. T. Rütting
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Huygens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Müller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. O. Van Cleemput
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. Godoy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. P. Boeckx
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Rütting.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rütting, T., Huygens, D., Müller, C. et al. Functional role of DNRA and nitrite reduction in a pristine south Chilean Nothofagus forest. Biogeochemistry 90, 243–258 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9250-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9250-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation