Abstract
Landfills are widely employed as the primary means of solid waste disposal. However, this practice generates landfill gas (LFG) which contains methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, as well as various volatile organic compounds and volatile inorganic compounds. These emissions from landfills contribute to approximately 25% of the total atmospheric CH4, indicating the imperative need to valorize or treat LFG prior to its release into the atmosphere. This review first aims to outline landfills, waste disposal and valorization, conventional gas treatment techniques commonly employed for LFG treatment, such as flares and thermal oxidation. Furthermore, it explores biotechnological approaches as more technically and economically feasible alternatives for mitigating LFG emissions, especially in the case of small and aged landfills where CH4 concentrations are often below 3% v/v. Finally, this review highlights biofilters as the most suitable biotechnological solution for LFG treatment and discusses several advantages and challenges associated with their implementation in the landfill environment.
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Acknowledgements
M. Heitz would like to thank the Fonds de Recherche du Québec—Nature et Technologies (FRQNT) for financially supporting this project. M. Heitz and P. Jones would also like to thank the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC-Discovery Grant) for their financial support.
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El Farouk Omar Merouani: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft. Milad Ferdowsi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—review & editing El Hadi Benyoussef: Writing—review & editing, Supervision Luc Malhautier: Writing—review & editing, Supervision Gerardo Buelna: Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Project administration J. Peter Jones: Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Project administration. Michèle Heitz: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
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Merouani, E.F.O., Ferdowsi, M., Buelna, G. et al. Exploring the potential of biofiltration for mitigating harmful gaseous emissions from small or old landfills: a review. Biodegradation 35, 469–491 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-024-10082-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-024-10082-5