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Oil refinery sludge and green waste simulated windrow composting

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Abstract

Oil refinery sludge (ORS) was mixed with shredded green wastes (GW) at ratios of 1:1 v/v (RI) and 1:3 v/v (RII). The mixtures, of approximately volumes of 1,020 l and 990 l respectively, were introduced in metal cubic containers of 1.0 m3 volume, opened at the top and with small holes punctured in the bottom and the side. The containers were additionally insulated with a layer of rockwool (20 mm). The boxes were emptied, the mixtures were turned and water was added occasionally, in one to two weeks intervals, simulating a windrow composting system. Temperature, physiochemical characteristics, mineral oil and grease (MOG) concentration, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration, carbon dioxide emission, methane emission and microorganisms presence were recorded either daily or every time the mixtures were turned, for a period of 120 days. RII recorded temperatures as high as 62°C, reaching 56°C in Day 6 and retained temperatures above 50°C for more than 40 days. RI recorded its highest temperature of 53°C in Day 77. The reason why the two mixtures behaved so differently can be explained by: (i) extended co-digestion phenomena by the microorganisms decomposing the GW in RII, (ii) toxic effect of ORS in RI due to the far larger amounts used (840 kg in RI in comparison with the 460 kg in RII). After Day 36 temperature increased gradually in RI and MOG and PAHs reduction was first noted. At the end of the experiment MOG concentration in RI was 57.2 mg/kg dry weight (dw) (52.1% reduction) where in RII was 34.3 mg/kg dw (62.1% reduction). Emissions of methane and carbon dioxide support the concept of the toxic effect and the delay ignition of the decomposing process in RI. In total, CO2 and CH4 emissions from RI were recorded to be 30.8 kg and 18.5 g, respectively, where from RII 59.6 kg of CO2 and 6.4 g of CH4 were emitted. An effort was made to determine the effect of temperature alone (as an abiotic treating parameter) in both mixtures. It can be supported that about least 15% of the MOG and PAHs removal.

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank EKO Oil Company and especially K. Fotinakis for the supply of the oil refinery sludge.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Stavromenos, 71004, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    M. S. Fountoulakis, S. Terzakis, E. Georgaki, S. Drakopoulou, I. Sabathianakis, M. Kouzoulakis & T. Manios

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece

    S. Terzakis & S. Drakopoulou

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  1. M. S. Fountoulakis
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  2. S. Terzakis
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  3. E. Georgaki
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  4. S. Drakopoulou
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  5. I. Sabathianakis
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  6. M. Kouzoulakis
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  7. T. Manios
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Correspondence to M. S. Fountoulakis.

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Fountoulakis, M.S., Terzakis, S., Georgaki, E. et al. Oil refinery sludge and green waste simulated windrow composting. Biodegradation 20, 177–189 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-008-9211-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-008-9211-5

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