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Identifying priority areas using a multispecies approach for the conservation of marine megafauna species vulnerable to bycatch in commercial gillnet fisheries

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Abstract

Bycatch is one of the main causes of mortality among marine megafauna around the world. In the coastal waters of southern Brazil, bycatch in gillnet fisheries affects threatened species that use this region as a breeding and feeding area. The identification of hotspot areas of bycatch is necessary to design and prioritize efficient spatial–temporal closures that protect the largest possible number of threatened species of marine megafauna. In this context, the use of a multispecies approach is an important step towards planning effective fisheries management measures. This study has two main objectives: (1) to identify hotspot areas of bycatch in gillnet fisheries for the most threatened marine megafauna species on the continental shelf of Rio Grande do Sul (RS); (2) compare single species and multispecies mapping methods for the identification of these areas. To meet these objectives, data collected by onboard observers during fishing trips in the coastal commercial RS-based gillnet fleet between 2013 and 2015 and between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed. For the identification of the areas, hierarchical Bayesian spatio-temporal models were implemented, using monospecific and multispecific approaches and a weighting system for the conservation status of the species. Both approaches provide similar results, identifying three bycatch hotspots according to the time frame analysed. Based on our findings, we propose these areas as the top candidates for fishing exclusion zones, based on their biodiversity value. The suggested spatio-temporal closures would benefit several endangered species while also contributing to the recovery of fish populations.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Projeto Toninhas Sul team—ECOMEGA/FURG and the researchers and students from Laboratório de Recursos Pesqueiros Demersais e Cefalópodes/FURG for field work, with special thanks to Suzana Paz, Luis Gustavo Cardoso and all onboard observers. We are grateful to all vessel’s skippers and crews that voluntarily collaborate with data collection. Logistical support was provided by Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG and Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental (NEMA). We are indebted to the Organization for the Conservation of South American Aquatic Mammals—YAQU PACHA and Nuremberg Zoo for continuously funding the Franciscana research and the Fundação de Apoio à Universidade do Rio Grande—FAURG for the management of Projeto Toninhas Sul. This research is part of the MSc thesis written by MMS under the supervision of ERS and DSM and is a contribution of the Research Group Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha—ECOMEGA/FURG/CNPq and the Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology—INCT-Biodiversidade da Amazônia Azul (CNPq proc. 405999/2022-4).

Funding

This research was partially supported by an environmental offset measure established through a Consent Decree/Conduct Adjustment Agreement between Petrorio and the Brazilian Ministry for the Environment, with the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund—FUNBIO as an implementer. Financial support was also provided by Brazilian Ministry for the Environment (MMA) and the Organization for the Conservation of South American Aquatic Mammals—YAQU PACHA. National Council for Research and Development (CNPq) provided a MSc fellowship to MMS (130736/2019-8) and Research fellowships to ERS (PQ 310597/2018-8) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) provided free access to many relevant journals through the portal “Periódicos CAPES”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha – ECOMEGA, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Maíra Moita Saüt, Danielle da Silveira Monteiro & Eduardo Resende Secchi

  2. Instituto CAIPORA, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Jonatas Henrique Prado

  3. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Madrid, C. del Corazón de María, 8, 28002, Madrid, Spain

    Maria Grazia Pennino

Authors
  1. Maíra Moita Saüt
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  2. Danielle da Silveira Monteiro
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  3. Jonatas Henrique Prado
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  4. Maria Grazia Pennino
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  5. Eduardo Resende Secchi
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Contributions

MMS, DSM and ERS conceived and designed the research. MMS, JHP and MGP performed the analysis. MMS wrote the manuscript under the guidance of ERS and DSM. ERS, DSM, JHP and MGP reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Maíra Moita Saüt or Eduardo Resende Secchi.

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Communicated by James Lee.

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Saüt, M.M., da Silveira Monteiro, D., Prado, J.H. et al. Identifying priority areas using a multispecies approach for the conservation of marine megafauna species vulnerable to bycatch in commercial gillnet fisheries. Biodivers Conserv 33, 281–303 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02748-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02748-y

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