Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The first botanical explorations of bryophyte diversity in the Brazilian Amazon mountains: high species diversity, low endemism, and low similarity

Biodiversity and Conservation volume 29, pages 2663–2688 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

We investigated the species richness, endemism, and similarity of the bryoflora (mosses and liverworts) on five Brazilian Amazon mountains (four Tepuis and one rocky outcrop), to determine the floristic relationships between them using presence/absence matrix. Cluster analysis based on the Jaccard index was used to determine similarities between the plant assemblages in five areas. We also performed a principal component analysis to determine which abiotic variables best explained the variations between those mountains. We surveyed the bryophyte species on each of the five mountains to identify the diversity of mosses and liverworts and to answer to the following questions: (1) How many bryophyte species are there in total area (gama diversity) and on each mountain (alpha diversity)? (2) Do mosses and liverworts share patterns of diversity? (3) Can patterns of alpha diversity be used to predict patterns of beta diversity? (4) What are the species distribution patterns? (5) How many endemic species are there in the mountains? and, (6) Is there high similarity among those bryophyte floras? We encountered 425 species, 144 genera, and 51 families of bryophytes, with Lejeuneaceae and Lepidoziaceae being the richest families. A considerable number of floristic novelties were encountered: 18 species new to Brazil; 39 species new to northern Brazil; 21 species new to Amazonas State; and 2 species new to science and only recently described. Over 43% of the bryophytes have a tropical America distribution, approximately 7% are Pantropical, 6.5% are Afro-American, and 3% are endemic to Brazil (6 liverworts and 6 mosses), and 6% are widespread globally. We present a checklist of 425 bryophyte species (144 genera and 51 families) of which 12 are endemic. Patterns of endemism of the bryophyte flora on the Tepuis differ from those exhibited by angiosperms (in the latter three times higher). Thirty-nine of these species were new for the Amazonia domain in Brazil, increasing by 7% the previous total of Amazonian recorded species. The similarity between sites was low, ranging from 3 to 25%. PCA analysis showed temperature variables explaining the greater part of the variance (76.6%) between the mountains. Our results demonstrate that patterns of alpha diversity cannot be used to predict patterns of beta diversity. This paper represents the first evaluation of bryophytes on five Brazilian Amazon mountains, giving insight into their species richness, endemism, and similarity, and providing baseline information for analyzing species’ turnover rates, migration, invasion events, etc. These results also represent an increase in our general knowledge of the Brazilian bryoflora and are relevant to the conservation of bryophyte diversity in the Amazon forest, and represent a contribution toward the targets of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

39,95 €

Price includes VAT (Netherlands)

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

References

  • Almeida ME (2005) Reconhecimento geológico ao longo do baixo curso do rio Curicuriari, noroeste do estado do Amazonas. Relatório de Viagem. CPRM, Manaus [Curicuriari]

    Google Scholar 

  • Almeida ME, Luzardo R, Pinheiro SS, Oliveira MA (2005) Folha NA.19-Pico da Neblina. In: Schobbenhaus C, Gonçalves JH, Santos JOS, Abram MB, Leão Neto R, Matos GMM, Vidotti RM, Ramos MAB, Jesus JDA (eds) Carta Geológica do Brasil ao Milionésimo, Sistemas de Informações Geográficas–SIG. Programa Geologia do Brasil, CPRM, Brasília. Edição 2004. CD–ROM

  • Araújo MB, Anderson RP, Barbosa AM, Beale CM, Dormann CF, Early R, O’Hara RB (2019) Standards for distribution models in biodiversity assessments. Sci Adv 5:eaat4858

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Assis MV, Mattos EA (2016) Vulnerabilidade da vegetação de campos de altitude às mudanças climáticas. Oecol Aust 20:162–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa-Silva RG, Labiak PH, Gil ASB, Goldenberg R, Michelangeli FA, Martinelli G, Coelho MAN, Zappi DC, Forzza RC (2016) Over the hills and far away: new plant records for the Guayana Shield in Brazil. Brittonia 68:397–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa-Silva RG, Trovó M, Martinelli G, Forzza RC (2018) Up on the table mountains in Brazil: new Bromeliaceae and Eriocaulaceae (Poales) from the Pantepui in the Guayana shield. Plant Ecol Evol 151:130–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baselga A (2010) Partitioning the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 19:134–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baselga A, Orme CDL (2012) Betapart: an R package for the study of beta diversity. Meth Ecol Evol 3:808–812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bitencourt C, Rapini A, Damascena LS, Junior PDM (2016) The worrying future of the endemic flora of a tropical mountain range under climate change. Fl-Morphol Distrib Funct Ecol Plants 218:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brasil. Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral. Projeto RADAMBRASIL (1976) Folha NA. 19. Pico da Neblina; Geologia, geomorfologia, pedologia, vegetação e uso potencial da terra, Rio de Janeiro

  • Buck WR (1989) Why are there so few mosses on tepui summits? In: Herben T, McQueen CB (eds) Proceedings of the sixth meeting of the central and east European bryological working group (CEBWG). Bot Inst Czechoslovak Acad Sc, Prühonice, pp 46–51

  • Cantá (2019) In: Wikipedia, a enciclopédia livre. Wikimedia Foundation, Flórida. https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title-Cant%C3%A1&oldid=56255576. Accessed Apr 2019

  • CBD—Convention on Biological Diversity (2010) COP 5 decision V/10: global strategy for plant conservation. https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/default.shtml?id=7152

  • Christensen JH, Hewitson B, Busuioc A, Chen A, Gao X, Held I, Jones R, Kolli RK, Kwon W-T, Laprise R, Magaña Rueda V, Mearns L, Menéndez CG, Räisänen J, Rinke A, Sarr A, Whetton P (2007) Regional climate projections. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Millier HL (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 141–162

  • Coelho MN, Costa DP, Martinelli G, Moraes MD, Forzza RC (2015) Expedições às Montanhas da Amazônia. Andrea Jakobson Estúdio Editorial Ltda, Rio de Janeiro

    Google Scholar 

  • Colwell RK, Brehm G, Cardelus CL, Gilman AC, Longino JT (2008) Global warming, elevational range shifts, and lowland biotic attrition in the wet tropics. Science 322:258–261

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conceição AA, Pirani JR (2007) Diversidade em quatro áreas de campos rupestres na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil: Espécies distintas, mas riquezas similares. Rodriguésia 58:193–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornell HV (1985) Local and regional richness of cynipine gall wasps on California oaks. Ecol 66:1247–1260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa DP (1999) Epiphytic bryophyte diversity in primary and secondary lowland rainforests in southeastern Brazil. Bryologist 102:320–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa DP (2017) Bryophyte results from a botanical expedition to Serra do Aracá, State Amazonas, Brazil: diversity, distribution, and endemism. Bryologist 120:45–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa DP, Lima FM (2005) Moss diversity in the tropical rainforests of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Braz J Bot 28:671–685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa DP, Peralta DF (2015) Briófitas. In: Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. https://www.floradobrasil

  • Costa DP, Pôrto KC, Luizi-Ponzo AP, Ilkiu-Borges AL, Bastos CJP, Câmara PEAS, Peralta DF, Bôas-Bastos SBV, Imbassahy CAA, Henriques DK, Gomes HCS, Rocha LM, Santos ND, Siviero TS, Vaz-Imbassahy TF, Churchill SP (2011) Synopsis of the Brazilian moss flora: checklist, distribution and conservation. Nova Hedwigia 93:277–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa DP, Santos ND, Rezende MA, Buck WR, Schäfer-Verwimp A (2015) Bryoflora of the Itatiaia National Park along an elevation gradient: diversity and conservation. Biodivers Cons 24:2199–2212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa DP, Peralta DF, Buck WR, Larain J, vonKonrat M (2017) Serra do Curicuriari, Amazonas State, Brazil: the first bryofloristic analysis for a Brazilian mountain in the Amazon Forest. Phytotaxa 303:201–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CPRM. Serviço geológico do Brasil (2006) Geologia e recursos minerais do estado do Amazonas. Programa Geologia do Brasil. Integração, atualização e difusão de dados da geologia do Brasil. Texto explicativo dos mapas geológico e de recursos minerais do Estado do Amazonas. Mapas geológicos estaduais. Escala 1:1.000.000. Ministério das Minas e Energias

  • Désamoré A, Vanderpoorten A, Benjamin L, Gradstein SR, Philippe JRKOK (2010) Biogeography of the lost world (Pantepui region, northeastern South America): insights from bryophytes. Phytotaxa 9:254–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ducke A (1938) A flora do Curicuriari, afluente do Rio Negro, observada em viagens com a Comissão Demarcadora das Fronteiras do Setor Oeste. Anais 1a Reun Sul-Americana Bot 3:389–399

  • Elsen PR, Tingley MW (2015) Global mountain topography and the fate of montane species under climate change. Nat Clim Change 5:772–776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes GW, Price PW (1988) Biogeographical gradients in galling species richness: tests of hypotheses. Oecologia 76:161–167

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fick SE, Hijmans RJ (2017) Worldclim 2: New 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Climatol 12:4302–4315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flora do Brasil 2020 (under construction) Navia. Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB34371

  • FVA and CEUC (2010) Plano de Gestão do Parque Estadual da Serra do Aracá, vol 1. Centro Estadual de Unidades de Conservação do Amazonas, CEUC, Bom Jardim

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentry AH (1995) Patterns of diversity and floristic composition in neotropical montane forest of the tropical Andes. In: Churchill SP, Balslev H, Forero E, Luteyn JL (eds) Biodiversity and conservation of neotropical montane forests: proceedings. New York Botanical Garden, New York, pp 321–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Gering JC, Crist TO (2002) The alpha–beta–regional relationship: providing new insights into local–regional patterns of species richness and scale dependence of diversity components. Ecol Lett 5:433–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gignac LD (2001) Bryophytes as indicators of climate change. Bryologist 104:410–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Givnish TJ, Millam KC, Evans TM, Hall JC, Pires JC, Berry PE, Sytsma KJ (2004) Ancient vicariance or recent long-distance dispersal? Inferences about phylogeny and South American-African disjunctions in Rapateaceae and Bromeliaceae. Int J Plant Sci 165:S35–S54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg R, Hinoshita LKR (2017) Two new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae, Miconieae) from the Brazilian northern border and adjacent French Guiana. Brittonia 69:535–543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grabherr G, Gottfried M, Pauli H (2010) Climate change impacts in alpine environments. Geogr Compass 4(8):1133–1153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein SR (1995) Diversity of Hepaticae and Anthoceratoe in montane forests of the tropical Andes. In: Churchill SP, Balslev H, Forero E, Luteyn JL (eds) Biodiversity and conservation of neotropical montane forests, proceedings: Proceedings. New York Botanical Garden, New York, pp 321–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein SR, Costa DP (2003) The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of Brazil. Mem New York Bot Gard 87:1–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein SR, Costa DP (2016) A new species of Syzygiella (subg. Cryptochila) from Brazil. Nova Hedwigia 103:13–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein SR, Costa DP (2018) Plagiochila lamyana, a new liverwort species from the Guayana Highland of Brazil. Cryptogam Bryol 39:147–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein SR, Florschuütz-de-Waard J (1989) Results of a botanical expedition to mount Roraima, Guyana, I. Bryophytes. Trop Bryol 1:25–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein SR, Raeymaekers G (2000) Regional overviews. Tropical America (incl. Mexico). In: Hallinbäck T, Hodgetts N (eds) Mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Status survey and conservation action plan for bryophytes. IUCN-SSC, Bryophyte Specialist Group, Gland

    Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein SR, Montfoort D, Cornelissen JH (1990) Phytogeography and species richness of the bryophyte flora of the Guianas, with special attention to the lowland rain forest. Trop Bryol 2:117–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein SR, Churchill SP, Salazar AN (2001) Guide to the bryophytes of Tropical America. Mem New York Bot Gard 86:1–577

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin D III (1979) Guia preliminar para as briófitas frequentes em Manaus e adjacências. Acta Amazonica 93:1–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Gröger A, Huber O (2007) Rock outcrop habitats in the Venezuelan Guayana lowlands: their main vegetation types and floristic components. Rev Brasil Bot 30:599–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Climatol 25:1965–1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoorn C, Wesselingh FP (2011) Amazonia, landscape and species evolution: a look into the past. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber O (1995) Geographical and physical features. In: Berry PE, Holst BK, Yatskievych K (eds) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, vol 1, introduction. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St Louis, pp 1–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber O, Aalrcón C (1994) Recent advances in the phytogeography of the Guayana region. South America. Mém Soc Biogeogr 4:53–63

    Google Scholar 

  • IBAMA (2000) Plano de Manejo do Parque Nacional Monte Roraima. Ibama

  • Ilkiu-Borges AL, Lisboa RCL (2004a) Cololejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae) na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Melgaço, PA, Brasil. Acta Bot Bras 18:887–902

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ilkiu-Borges AL, Lisboa RCL (2004b) Os gêneros Cyclolejeunea, Haplolejeunea, Harpalejeunea, Lepidolejeunea e Rectolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae) na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Pará, Brasil. Acta Bot Bras 18:537–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ilkiu-Borges AL, Tavares ACC, Lisboa RCL (2004) Briófitas da Ilha de Germoplasma, reservatório de Tucuruí, Pará, Brasil. Acta Bot Bras 18:689–692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaccard P (1912) The distribution of the flora of the alpine zone. New Phytol 11:37–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kassambara A (2016) ggcorrplot: visualization of a Correlation Matrix using’ggplot2’. R package version 0.1, 1

  • Kassambara A, Mundt F (2016) Factoextra: extract and visualize the results of multivariate data analyses. R package version 1.0.3

  • Kok PJR, MacCulloch RD, Means DB, Roelants K, Van Bocxlaer I, Bossuyt F (2012) Low genetic diversity in tepui summit vertebrates. Curr Biol 22:R589–R590

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler T, Wehrli A, Jurek M (2014) Mountains and climate change: A global concern. Sustainable Mountain Development Series. Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and Geographica Bernensia, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  • Körner C (2004) Mountain biodiversity, its causes and function. Ambio Spec Rep 13:11–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurance WF, Useche DC, Shoo LP, Herzog SK, Kessler M, Escobar F et al (2011) Global warming, elevational ranges and the vulnerability of tropical biota. Biol Conserv 144:548–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lisboa RCL (1976) Estudos sobre a vegetação das campinas Amazônicas. V- Brioecologia de uma Campina Amazônica. Acta Amazonica 6:171–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lisboa RCL (1984) Avaliação da brioflora de uma área de floresta de terra firme. I - Musci Bol Mus Paraense Emílio Goeldi 1:23–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Lisboa RCL (1985) Avaliação da brioflora de uma área de floresta de terra firme. II - Hepaticae. Bol Mus Paraense Emílio Goeldi 1:99–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Lisboa RCL (1994) Adições à brioflora do estado do Pará. Bol Mus Paraense Emílio Goeldi 10:15–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Lisboa RCL, Ilkiu-Borges AL (1997) Novas ocorrências de Bryophyta (musgos) para o estado do Pará, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 27:81–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lisboa RCL, Maciel UN (1994) Musgos da Ilha de Marajo-I, Afuá. Bol Mus Paraense Emílio Goeldi 10:43–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinelli G (1996) Campos de altitude. Editora Index, Rio de Janeiro

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinelli G (2007) Mountain biodiversity in Brazil. Rev Bras Bot 30:587–597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDiarmid RW, Donnelly MA (2005) The herpetofauna of the Guayana Highlands: amphibians and reptiles of the Lost World: Chapter 18. In: Donnelly MA, Crother BI, Guyer C, Wake MH, White ME (eds) Ecology and evolution in the tropics: a herpetological perspective. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 461–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Messerli B, Ives JD (1997) Mountains of the world: a global priority. Parthenon, Carnforth

    Google Scholar 

  • MMA, Cadastro Nacional de Unidades de Conservação. Relatório parametrizado do Parque Nacional Monte Roraima. https://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=174. Accessed Sept 2015

  • Moraes M, Beck S (1992) Diversidad floristica de Bolivia. In: Conservación de la diversidad biológica em Bolívia. La Paz, Centro de datos para la conservación – Bolivia, United States Agency for Internacional Development – USAID/Bolívia, La Paz, pp 73–111

  • Moraes ENR, Lisboa RCL (2006) Musgos (Bryophyta) da Serra dos Carajás, Estado do Pará, Brasil. Bol Mus Paraense Emílio Goeldi 2:39–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Morais RP (2014) Aspectos dinâmicos da paisagem do lavrado, nordeste de Roraima. Monografia de Bacharelado. Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista

    Google Scholar 

  • Morais RP, Carvalho CM (2015) Aspectos dinâmicos da paisagem do lavrado, Nordeste de Roraima. Geociências 34:55–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Mota de Oliveira S (2010) Diversity of epiphytic bryophytes across the Amazon. Ph.D. Thesis. Universiteit Utrecht, Netherlands

  • Nagy L, Grabherr G (2009) The biology of alpine habitats. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nogué S, Rull V, Vegas-Vilarrúbia T (2009) Modeling biodiversity loss by global warming on Pantepui, northern South America: projected upward migration and potential habitat loss. Clim Change 94:77–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O Estado de Roraima. www.dominiopublico.gov.br/download/texto/mre000018.pdf

  • Oksanen J, Guillaume Blanchet F, Friendly M, Kindt R, Legendre P, McGlinn Dan, Minchin PR, O'Hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Szoecs E, Wagner H (2018) Vegan: community ecology package. R package, version 2.5–2.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan

  • Pócs T (1982) Tropical forest bryophytes. In: Smith AJE (ed) Bryophyte ecology. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 59–104

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Porembski S, Martinelli G, Ohlemüller R, Barthlott W (1998) Diversity and ecology of saxicolous vegetation mats on inselbergs in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Divers Distrib 4:107–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prance GT (1996) Islands in Amazonia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 351:823–833

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prance GT (2014) That glorious forest. Exploring the plants and their indigenous uses in Amazonia. The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx

    Google Scholar 

  • Prance GT, Johnson DM (1992) Plant collections from the plateau of Serra do Aracá (Amazonas, Brazil) and their phytogeographic affinities. Kew Bull 47:1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prance GT, Nelson BW, Silva MD, Daly DC (1984 [1986]) Projeto Flora Amazônica: eight years of binational botanical expeditions. Acta Amazonica 14:5–29

  • Price ME (2006) Global change in mountain regions. Sapiens Publishing, Duncow

    Google Scholar 

  • R Core Team (2018) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/

  • Rangel-Ch JO (1995) La diversidad florística en el espacio andino de Colombia. In: Churchill SP, Balslev H, Forero E, Luteyn JL (eds) Biodiversity and conservation of neotropical montane forests. Proceedings. New York Botanical Garden, New York, pp 187–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis CC, Monteiro EA (1995) Projeto Integração Alto Rio Negro-Serra Imeri. Reconhecimento geológico ao longo dos rios Curicuriari, Capauari e áreas adjacentes, região do alto rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Relatório de Viagem. CPRM, Manaus [Curicuriari]

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricklefs RE (1987) Community diversity: relative roles of local and regional processes. Science 235:167–171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig ML (1995) Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rödder D, Schlüter A, Lötters S (2009) Is the ‘Lost World’ lost? High endemism of amphibians and reptiles on South American Tepuis in a changing climate. In: Habel J, Assmann T (eds) Relict species. Phylogeography and conservation biology. Springer, Berlin, pp 401–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Rull V, Nogué S (2007) Potential migration routes and barriers for vascular plants of the Neotropical Guyana Highlands during the Quaternary. J Biogeogr 34:1327–1341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rull V, Vegas-Villarrúbia T (2006) Unexpected biodiversity loss under global warming in the neotropical Guayana Highlands: a preliminary appraisal. Glob Change Biol 12:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Safford HD (1999) Brazilian páramos: introduction to the physical environment and vegetation of the campos de altitude. J Biogeogr 26:693–712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Safford HD (2007) Brazilian páramos IV: phytogeography of the campos de altitude. J Biogeogr 34:1701–1722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Safont E, Vegas-Villarrúbia T, Rull V (2012) Use of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) tools to set priorities and optimize strategies in biodiversity conservation. Biol Conserv 149:113–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santiago RL (1997) Estudo ecológico de briófitas do estado de Roraima. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de São Paulo

  • Shaw AJ, Goffinet B (2000) Bryophyte biology. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sierra AM, Pereira MR, Zartman CE (2019) New records for the bryophyte flora of the Brazilian Amazon. Rodriguésia 70:e00192017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Socolar JB, Gilroy JJ, Kunin WE, Edwards DP (2016) How should beta-diversity inform biodiversity conservation? Trends Ecol Evol 31:67–80

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spehn E, Körner C (2009) Data mining for global trends in mountain biodiversity. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Spehn EM, Messerli B, Körner C (2002) A global assessment of mountain biodiversity: synthesis. In: Körner C, Spehn EM (eds) Mountain biodiversity: a global assessment. The Parthenon Publishing Group, London, pp 325–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Spehn EM, Rudmann-Muarrer K, Körner C (2011) Mountain biodiversity. Plant Ecol Divers 4:301–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spruce R (1884) Hepaticae Amazonica et Andinae. Trans Proc Bot Soc Edinburgh 15:1–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinbauer MJ, Grytnes JA, Jurasinski G, Kulonen A, Lenoir J, Pauli H, Bjorkman AD (2018) Accelerated increase in plant species richness on mountain summits is linked to warming. Nature 556:231–234

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steyermark JA (1986) Speciation and endemism in the flora of Venezuelan tepuis. In: Vuilleumier F, Monasterio M (eds) High altitude tropical biogeography. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 317–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Stropp J (2011) Towards an understanding of tree diversity in Amazonian forests. University of Utrecht, CNPq, IEB, Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, Utrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Stubbs RL, Soltis DE, Cellinese N (2018) The future of cold-adapted plants in changing climates: Micranthes (Saxifragaceae) as a case study. Ecol Evol 8:7164–7177

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sun SQ, Wang GX, Chang SX, Bhatti JS, Tian WL, Luo J (2017) Warming and nitrogen addition effects on bryophytes are species and plant community specific on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau. J Veg Sci 28:128–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki R, Shimodara H (2006) Pvclust: an R package for assessing the uncertainty in hierarchical clustering. Bioinformatics 22:1540–1542

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ter Steege H, Sabatier D, Castellanos H, van Andel T, Duivenvoorden J, de Oliveira A, Maas P, Mori S (2000) An analysis of the floristic composition and diversity of Amazonian forests including those of the Guiana Shield. J Trop Ecol 16:801–828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ter Steege H, Pitman NCA, Sabatier D, Baraloto C, Salomão RP, Guevara JE, Phillips OL, Castilho CV, Magnusson WE, Molino J-F, Monteagudo A, Núñez Vargas P, Montero JC, Feldpausch TR, Coronado ENH, Killeen TJ, Mostacedo B, Vasquez R, Assis RL, Terborgh J, Wittmann F, Andrade A, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Marimon BS, Marimon B-H, Guimarães Vieira IC, Amaral IL, Brienen R, Castellanos H, Cárdenas López D, Duivenvoorden JF, Mogollón HF, de Matos FDA, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Stevenson Diaz PR, Costa F, Emilio T, Levis C, Schietti J, Souza P, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, Montoya AJD, Fernandez Piedade MT, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Gribel R, Fine PVA, Peres CA, Toledo M, Aymard CGA, Baker TR, Cerón C, Engel J, Henkel TW, Maas P, Petronelli P, Stropp J, Zartman CE, Daly D, Neill D, Silveira M, Paredes MR, Chave J, de LimaFilho DA, Jørgensen PM, Fuentes A, Schöngart J, Cornejo Valverde F, Di Fiore A, Jimenez EM, Peñuela Mora MC, Phillips JF, Rivas G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Hoffman B, Zent EL, Malhi Y, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschell AR, Silva N, Vos V, Zent S, Oliveira AA, Schutz AC, Gonzales T, Trindade Nascimento M, Ramirez-Angulo H, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña Medina MN, van der Heijden G, Vela CIA, Vilanova Torre E, Vriesendorp C, Wang O, Young KR, Baider C, Balslev H, Ferreira C, Mesones I, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, Hernandez L, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Milliken W, Palacios Cuenca W, Pauletto D, Valderrama Sandoval E, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Dexter KG, Feeley K, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Silman MR (2013) Hyperdominance in the Amazonian tree flora. Sci 342(6156):1243092

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ter Steege H, Vaessen W, Cárdenas-López D, Sabatier D, Antonelli A, Mote de Oliveira S, Pitman NCA, Jørgensen PM, Salomão RP (2016) The discovery of the Amazonian tree flora with an updated checklist of all known tree taxa. Sci Rep 6:29549

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Theurillat J-P, Guisan A (2001) Potential impact of climate change on vegetation in the European Alps: a review. Clim Change 50:77–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thuiller W, Araújo MB, Pearson RG, Whittaker RJ, Brotons L, Lavorel S (2004) Uncertainty in prediction of extinction risk. Nature 427:145–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valente EB, Pôrto KC, Bastos CJP (2016) Habitat heterogeneity and diversity of bryophytes in campos rupestres. Acta Bot Bras 31:241–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vegas-Villarrúbia T, Nogué S, Rull V (2012) Global warming, habitat shifts and potential refugia for biodiversity conservation in the neotropical Guayana Highlands. Biol Conserv 152:159–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright SJ, Muller-Landau HC, Schipper J (2009) The Future of tropical species on a warmer planet. Cons Biol 23:1418–1426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yano O (1992) Briófitas da Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. Acta Amazônica 22:535–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yano O, Câmara PEAS (2004) Briófitas de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Acta Amazônica 34:445–457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zartman C, Ilkiu-Borges AL (2007) Guia para as briófitas epífilas da Amazônia Central. Editora INPA, Manaus

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to NATURA Cosmetics S.A. for providing funds for expeditions within the project “Montanhas da Amazônia”; the Negaunee Foundation and the Field Museum that supported my studies of the liverwort collections made by R.M. Schuster in the “Projeto Flora Amazônica” in 1979 (now housed at F herbarium); the Museum Collection Spending Fund administered by The Field Museum and the National Science Foundation (Award No. 1458300 and No. 1145898); CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Grant No. 88887.373031/2019-00); and the anonymous reviewer for detailed comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil

    Denise Pinheiro Costa & Tainá Carreira da Rocha

  2. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marques de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-000, Brazil

    Fernanda Nadal

Authors
  1. Denise Pinheiro Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fernanda Nadal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tainá Carreira da Rocha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Denise Pinheiro Costa.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This research adhered to national and international guidelines for the treatment of research animals and was conducted in accordance with the legal requirements of Brazil.

Additional information

Communicated by T.G. Allan Green.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 36446 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Costa, D.P., Nadal, F. & da Rocha, T.C. The first botanical explorations of bryophyte diversity in the Brazilian Amazon mountains: high species diversity, low endemism, and low similarity. Biodivers Conserv 29, 2663–2688 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-01993-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-01993-9

Keywords

  • Tepui
  • Brazilian Amazon
  • Bryophytes
  • Biodiversity
  • Endemism
  • Similarity

Search

Navigation