Abstract
Functional diversity is a tool for understanding biological communities and the influence of environmental filters on assembly rules. However, few studies explore the relationships of diversity metrics across contrasting ecosystems. We evaluated the effect of ecosystems (tropical dry forest and pine-oak forest) and seasons (wet and dry) on the functional diversity and community composition of amphibians in western Mexico. Our study showed that associations among metrics of diversity were not constant across contrasting ecosystems. The amphibian communities were related to changes in the environmental variables of elevation, temperature and relative humidity. We analyzed the functional diversity of the amphibian community based on 11 traits related to reproduction, trophic flow and habitat use. Seven functional groups with distinct ecological characteristics were detected, of which, four presented functional redundancy and two were represented by a single species. While the tropical dry forest during the wet season showed the highest species richness, the richness and diversity of functional groups were significantly lower than in the pine-oak forest in both seasons. These results suggest that the seasonal drought in the tropical dry forest could act as an environmental filter, promoting dominance of similar functional traits among species, while limiting similarity could be acting in the pine-oak forest, in the face of relatively stable hydric conditions, allowing a greater functional diversity. Analysis of the relationship between biological communities and ecosystem functioning is necessary to undertake conservation strategies.
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Acknowledgements
Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions that improved the manuscript. This project was funded by the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT IN206216) granted to AG and the Consejo Nacional para la Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) through the scholarship of Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas awarded to EAG (UNAM, Student Code 517024863). We want to thank the people of the community of Cabo Corrientes for the facilities and support during the samplings, especially Ramón Espíndola for being our field guide. To Ubalda Sánchez, Magaly Castañeda, Enrique Mujica and Leticia Toscano for their work during the sampling outings. Thanks to Juan Díaz-García for his tips during the first versions of the manuscript. We thank Natalia Álvarez-Grzybowska for her contributions to the structure of the project. We thank Keith MacMillan for translating the manuscript and for his important suggestions and also to Katherine Renton for reviewing the final version of the manuscript and her valuable comments.
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Álvarez-Grzybowska, E., Urbina-Cardona, N., Córdova-Tapia, F. et al. Amphibian communities in two contrasting ecosystems: functional diversity and environmental filters. Biodivers Conserv 29, 2457–2485 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-01984-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-01984-w