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Are north Australian floodplain ant communities comprised of a distinct fauna, or a subset of the broader savanna fauna? Implications for conservation

Biodiversity and Conservation volume 28, pages 3465–3477 (2019)Cite this article

Abstract

There is newly invigorated interest in intensifying agriculture in northern Australia, and research has identified up to 17 M ha of suitable soils, much of which are floodplains. Given that 88% of these best soils for agriculture occur outside the current protected area network, and floodplains are a minority habitat in northern Australia, developing northern Australia whilst maintaining its biodiversity will be a great challenge. Ants are a particularly prominent and diverse faunal group within northern Australia, but almost nothing is known of the floodplain fauna. We sampled 20 pairs of plots in floodplains and surrounding savannas in three locations in the high rainfall zone of the Northern Territory to investigate the ant faunal composition of the floodplains, to determine to what extent they are comprised of species unique to floodplains or just a subset of the broader savanna fauna. We collected 114 species from 29 genera. Eighteen species were found only in floodplain plots, but only three were definitively floodplain specialists and another four had a propensity for clay soils. For all locations combined, savanna plots contained approximately 1.7 times more species than floodplain plots. Multivariate analysis found that the two habitats supported distinct ant faunas and the three locations also had distinct faunas. Nine species in this study were new to science, suggesting that there are many other species yet to be discovered. The results indicate that floodplains have conservation value for ant biodiversity, as is the case for other components of the biota. Efforts to intensify agriculture on north Australian floodplains therefore need to have effective conservation considerations if we are to achieve ecologically sustainable development.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Magen Pettit for overseeing the laboratory work, and Alan Andersen, Chris Chilcott and two anonymous reviewers for commenting on the draft manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIRO, Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre, PMB 44, Winnellie, NT, 0822, Australia

    Benjamin D. Hoffmann

  2. University of Saint Jérôme in Marseille, Marseille, France

    Florian Ivaldi

  3. Department of Biology, California State University of Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA

    Abe Perez

  4. Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    Abe Perez

  5. Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 1 Cours du Général de Gaulle, 33170, Gradignan, France

    Maud Laboual

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  1. Benjamin D. Hoffmann
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  2. Florian Ivaldi
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  4. Maud Laboual
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Correspondence to Benjamin D. Hoffmann.

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Communicated by David Hawksworth.

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Hoffmann, B.D., Ivaldi, F., Perez, A. et al. Are north Australian floodplain ant communities comprised of a distinct fauna, or a subset of the broader savanna fauna? Implications for conservation. Biodivers Conserv 28, 3465–3477 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01832-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01832-6

Keywords

  • Ant community
  • Northern Australia
  • Floodplain
  • Sustainable development
  • Biodiversity

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