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Dung beetle responses to successional stages in the Amazon rainforest

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Abstract

Amazon rainforest is facing several threats due to anthropogenic activities causing loss of habitat, species, and ecosystem functions. However, several areas are being abandoned after anthropic use allowing secondary succession to occur, which can lead to the passive restoration of community parameters that have been lost. We aimed to investigate the effects of vegetation structure on dung beetle assemblages along a successional gradient in the western Amazon rainforest. Dung beetles were sampled and forest structure variables were measured using standardized protocols along primary, late secondary, and early secondary forests. We used a combination of generalized linear models and multivariate analyses to test for differences in assemblage composition and structure among successional stages and their relationships with vegetation variables. We found that primary forests have different species compositions from both late and early successional forests, with several species strongly associated with primary forests. Dung beetle abundance was higher in primary forests and influenced by variables describing the successional stages (i.e., tree density). Species turnover was the most important β-diversity component among and within each successional stage, with lower values in early secondary forests. Different pathways followed by secondary forests during forest succession may lead to increased species turnover similar to that found in primary forests. Biodiversity conservation will only work if secondary forests are allowed to recover to a late successional stage close to a primary forest stage. The loss of primary forests can cause an irreversible loss of species in need of conservation and with great functional importance in the Amazon rainforest.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all who contributed to this study in any way. We thank Fernando Vaz-de-Mello for dung beetle identification. We would like to thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for scholarships and Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio; license SISBIO #43803-1) for permission to collect beetles.

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  1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, CEP 69920-900, Brazil

    Bruna Santos Bitencourt, Elder Ferreira Morato & Ysadhora Gomes de Lima

  2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Brazil

    Pedro Giovâni da Silva

Authors
  1. Bruna Santos Bitencourt
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  2. Pedro Giovâni da Silva
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  3. Elder Ferreira Morato
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  4. Ysadhora Gomes de Lima
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Correspondence to Bruna Santos Bitencourt.

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Communicated by Andreas Schuldt.

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Bitencourt, B.S., da Silva, P.G., Morato, E.F. et al. Dung beetle responses to successional stages in the Amazon rainforest. Biodivers Conserv 28, 2745–2761 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01791-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01791-y

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