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Distributional shifts of canopy-forming seaweeds from the Atlantic coast of Southern Europe

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Abstract

Canopy-forming seaweeds sustain critical ecosystem services in coastal habitats. Around the world, many of these seaweeds are suffering strong declines, mainly attributed to the progressive increase in sea surface temperature, in combination with other stressors due to current global changes. The southernmost part of the NE Atlantic is among those areas most affected by climate change. In this study, we estimated the distributional contractions of seven of the most conspicuous seaweeds from the Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula using an “Extent of Occurrence” methodology. Overall, during the last three decades, range shifts have been more pronounced east of the Cantabrian Sea than along the western coast of the Iberian Peninsula. In particular, regions with a semi-permanent summer upwelling seem to be critical to the persistence of brown seaweeds, fucoids and kelps. Range contractions of the cold-temperate fucoids were estimated to be ca. 21% and 45% for Himanthalia elongata and Fucus serratus, respectively; and for the kelps Saccharina latissima and Laminaria hyperborea, 6% and 14%, respectively. Range contractions for warm-temperate kelps were estimated to be ca. 13% and 10% for Saccorhiza polyschides and L. ochroleuca, respectively. Finally, a decline in the warm-temperate red algae Gelidium corneum occurred only in the easternmost area of the Cantabrian Sea (Basque Country), leading to a distributional contraction of 7%. We recommend conservation actions to better manage the remnant populations of these canopy-forming seaweeds, and their inclusion in national and regional catalogues of endangered species and on international Red Lists.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge I. López and C. Numa for their suggestions on the project and manuscript development. We thank L. Duarte, M. García-Tasende, R. Haroun, R. Herrera, I. Muxika, C. Sangil, and M. Sansón, for their suggestions along the project development. S. Rodríguez, A. García, L. Rodríguez and HyT Association for their technical and logistical support. S. Young for English revision of grammar and style. We thank one anonymous reviewer and the editors that have contributed to largely improve the first version of the manuscript. This study was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment. V. Peña acknowledges support from the postdoctoral program Campus Industrial de Ferrol (Universidade da Coruña). R. Araújo contribution to this work was carried out in the context of the JRC Biomass assessment study (https://biobs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/biomass-assessment-study-jrc).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biodiversity and Conservation Unit, University Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain

    P. Casado-Amezúa, R. M. Viejo & B. Martínez

  2. EU-US Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Franklin Institute, University of Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

    P. Casado-Amezúa

  3. European Commission, Joint Research Centre - Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Water and Marine Resources Unit, Ispra, Italy

    R. Araújo

  4. Dept. of Biology, Sciences Faculty, University of A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain

    I. Bárbara & V. Peña

  5. Irish Seaweed Research Group & Earth and Ocean Sciences Department, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland

    R. Bermejo

  6. AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110, Pasaia, Spain

    Á. Borja

  7. Dept. of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain

    I. Díez, J. M. Gorostiaga & I. Quintana

  8. Dept. B.O.S. (Ecología), University of Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain

    C. Fernández

  9. Environmental Hydraulics Institute “IH Cantabria”, Universidad de Cantabria PCTCAN, C/Isabel Torres 15, 39011, Santander, Spain

    X. Guinda, J. A. Juanes & A. Puente

  10. Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Marinas, University of Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain

    I. Hernández

  11. Seaweed Culture Center, Oceanographic Center of Santander, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Barrio Corbanera s/n (Monte), 39012, Santander, Spain

    C. Peteiro

  12. Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Marine Scientific and Technological Park, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214, Telde, Spain

    F. Tuya

  13. Dept. de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Málaga University, 29071, Málaga, Spain

    M. Altamirano

  14. Dept. Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Complutense University of Madrid, c/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    T. Gallardo

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  1. P. Casado-Amezúa
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  2. R. Araújo
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  20. B. Martínez
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to P. Casado-Amezúa or B. Martínez.

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Communicated by Peggy Fong.

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Casado-Amezúa, P., Araújo, R., Bárbara, I. et al. Distributional shifts of canopy-forming seaweeds from the Atlantic coast of Southern Europe. Biodivers Conserv 28, 1151–1172 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01716-9

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