Abstract
The paper examines a series of critiques and alternative propositions regarding the assumption of declining public interest in biodiversity related issues uncovered by Google Trends of query volumes since 2004. GTs are compared to actual results of public opinion polls among European Union nationals during the period 2004–2016. Critiques are re-examined at both the statistic and cultural-linguistic level. Results tend to support the initial statement of declining GT for biodiversity. The need for a new communication discourse regarding biodiversity issues is repeated if public opinion is to be engaged in conservation issues.




Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderegg WRL, Goldsmith GR (2014) Public interest in climate change over the past decade and the effects of the ‘climategate’ media event. Environ Res Lett. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/054005
Anderson C (2008) The end of theory: the data deluge makes the scientific method obsolete. Wired Magazine, June 23. https://www.wired.com/2008/06/pb-theory/
Andrew L, Arndt D, Beristain N, Cass T, Clow L, Colmenares B, Damm K, Hatcher R, Jackson N, Pasquesi W, Chamberlain-Pham N, Pryd JA, Rund T, Russell G, Ryle C, Schmidt T, Sigan S, Sinkus K, Sneyd K, Strode J, Wallen C, McCallum ML (2016) Changes in United States’ citizens’ interest in sustainability. Life Excit Biol 4(3):138–164. doi:10.9784/LEB4(3)Andrew.01
De Groot R, Brander L, van der Ploeg S, Costanza R, Bernard F, Braat L, Christie M, Crossman N, Ghermandi A, Hein L, Hussain S, Kumar P, McVittie A, Portela R, Rodriguez LC, ten Brink P, van Beukering P (2012) Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units. Ecosyst Serv 1:50–61
Diaz S, Demissew S, Carabias J, Joly C, Lonsdale M, Ash N, Larigauderie A, Adhikari JR, Arico S, Baldi A, Bartuska A, Baste IA, Bilgin A, Brondizio E, Chan KMA, Figueroa VE, Duraiappah A, Fischer M, Hill R, Koetz T, Leadley P, Lyver P, Mace GM, Martin-Lopez B, Okumura M, Pacheco D, Pascual U, Perez ES, Reyers B, Roth E, Saito O, Scholes RJ, Sharma N, Tallis H, Thaman R, Watson R, Yahara T, Hamid ZA, Akosim C, Al-Hafedh Y, Allahverdiyev R, Amankwah E, Asah ST, Asfaw Z, Bartus G, Brooks LA, Caillaux J, Dalle G, Darnaedi D, Driver A, Erpul G, Escobar-Eyzaguirre P, Failler P, Fouda AMM, Fu B, Gundimeda H, Hashimoto S, Homer F, Lavorel S, Lichtenstein G, Mala WA, Mandivenyi W, Matczak P, Mbizvo C, Mehrdadi M, Metzger JP, Mikissa JB, Moller H, Mooney HA, Mumby P, Nagendra H, Nesshover C, Oteng-Yeboah AA, Pataki G, Roue M, Rubis J, Schultz M, Smith P, Sumaila R, Takeuchi K, Thomas S, Verma M, Yeo-Chang Y, Zlatanova D (2015) The IPBES Conceptual Framework—connecting nature and people. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 14(1):1–16
Do Y, Kim JY, Lineman M, Kim D-K, Joo G-J (2014) Using internet search behavior to assess public awareness of protected wetlands. Conserv Biol 29:271–279
Ficetola GF (2013) Is interest toward the environment really declining? The complexity of analysing trends using internet search data. Biodivers Conserv 22:2983–2988
Fischer A, Young JA (2007) Understanding mental constructs of biodiversity: implications for biodiversity management and conservation. Biol Conserv 136:271–282
Funk SM, Rusowsky D (2014) The importance of cultural knowledge and scale for analysing internet search data as a proxy for public interest toward the environment. Biodivers Conserv 23:3101–3112
Ginsberg J, Mohebbi MH, Patel RS, Brammer L, Smolinski MS, Brilliant L (2009) Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data. Nature 457:1012–1014
Hardin G (1985) Filters against folly. Viking, New York
Jepson P, Canney S (2003) Values-led conservation. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 12:271–274
Kim JY, Do Y, Im R-Y, Kim G-Y, Joo G-J (2014) Use of large web-based data to identify public interest and trends related to endangered species. Biodivers Conserv 23:2961–2984
Kristoufek L (2013) Bitcoin meets Google Trends and Wikipedia: quantifying the realtionship between phenomena of the Internet era. Sci Rep 3:3415. doi:10.1038/srep03415
Lewandowsky S (2014) Conspiratory fascination versus public interest: the case of climategate. Environ Res Lett. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/111004
Lubchenco J (2000) A new social contract for science. P 278–280. In: World conference on science: science for the twenty-first century, a new commitment. Banson/UNESCO, 544 pp
McCallum ML, Bury GW (2013) Google search patterns suggest declining interest in the environment. Biodivers Conserv 22:1355–1367
McCallum ML, Bury GW (2014) Public interest in the environment is falling: a response to Ficetola (2013). Biodivers Conserv 23(4):1057–1062
Mills JH, Waite TA (2009) Economic prosperity, biodiversity conservation, and the environmental Kuznets curve. Ecol Econ 68:2087–2095
Nghiem LTP, Papworth SK, Lim FKS, Carrasco LR (2016) Analysis of the capacity of Google Trends to measure interest in conservation topics and the role of online news. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152802
Novacek MJ (2008) Engaging the public in biodiversity issues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(1):11571–11578
Perrings C, Naeem S, Ahrestani F, Bunker DE et al (2010) Ecosyst Serv 2020. Science 330:323–324
Preis T, Moat HS, Stanley HE (2013) Quantifying trading behavior in financial markets using Google Trends. Nat Sci Rep 3:1684–1689. doi:10.1038/srep01684
Proulx R, Massicotte Pepino M (2013) Googling trends in conservation biology. Conserv Biol 28:44–51
Richards DR (2013) The content of historical books as an indicator of past interest in environmental issues. Biodivers Conserv 22:2795–2803. doi:10.1007/s10531-013-0555-8
Silver N (2012) The signal and the noise: the art and science of prediction. Allan Lane, London
Standard Eurobarometer Series 1-85 (1974–2016). Public opinion in the European Union. http://ec.europa.eu/COMMFrontOffice/PublicOpinion/index.cfm/General/index
Stearns BP, Stearns SC (2010) Still watching, from the edge of extinction. Bioscience 60:141–146
Wilde GR, Pope KL (2013) Worldwide trends in fishing interest indicated by internet search volume. Fish Manag Ecol 20:211–222
Wray-Lake L, Flanagan CA, Osgood DW (2010) Examining trends in adolescent environmental attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors across three decades. Environ Behav 42:61–85
Acknowledgements
The author expresses his thanks to Dr. M. McCallum and anonymous reviewers for their help in improving considerably the initial form of this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Peter Bridgewater.
This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Biodiversity appreciation and engagement.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Troumbis, A.Y. Declining Google Trends of public interest in biodiversity: semantics, statistics or traceability of changing priorities?. Biodivers Conserv 26, 1495–1505 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1294-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1294-z


