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Atlantic Forest spontaneous regeneration at landscape scale

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Abstract

The Atlantic Forest suffered five centuries of continuous deforestation related to successive economic cycles, and is now reduced to 11.7 % of its original cover. The Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact was launched in 2009 and aims to restore 15 million hectares until 2050. Natural regeneration can play an important role in meeting this target, however little attention has been paid to this process and there is a gap in the knowledge about its driving factors at the landscape scale. We mapped forest cover of an Atlantic Forest municipality in Southeastern Brazil, in five timeslots between years 1978 and 2014, and used the weights of evidence method for modeling its spatial dynamics, in order to understand where natural regeneration is occurring and which are the main factors related to this phenomenon. In 36 years, forest cover increased 3,020 hectares (15.3 %), related to the decreasing of both rural population (R2 = 0.9794, p = 0.0013) and cropland cover (R2 = 0.8679, p = 0.0212). Landscape metrics shows the increment of number of fragments and structural connectivity among them. The main spatial variables influencing forest cover dynamics were topographic position, slope, solar radiation, soil type and distance to forest, urban areas and roads. Secondary forests provide ecosystem services that can turn into economic benefits, and natural regeneration can reduce restoration costs to the municipality. The cost of active restoration of the same area would have meant a total expense of U$ 15.1 million (U$ 419 k/year). We show here that spontaneous regeneration must be accounted for and incorporated into the spatial planning of Atlantic Forest restoration.

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Notes

  1. Census data until year 1991 was acquired online (http://cod.ibge.gov.br/23gqk, accessed in May 08, 2014) while older census data was acquired at the Library of IBGE.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank M.L. Lorini for her contributions to this study; F. Brasil, S. Teixeira, M. Gonçalves, J. Fernandes and V. Medeiros for field support; and the State Institute for the Environment of Rio de Janeiro (INEA) for supporting this research. We are very grateful to the Society for Conservation GIS (SCGIS) and ESRI Conservation Program, for providing a scholarship to C.L. Rezende and sponsoring the presentation of this study at the 13th Annual SCGIS Conference and 30th Annual ESRI International User Conference. We also thank CAPES for granting a Master’s degree fellowship to C.L. Rezende.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-970, Brazil

    Camila Linhares de Rezende, Fabio Rubio Scarano & Dorothy Sue Dunn Araujo

  2. Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Rua Engenheiro Álvaro Niemeyer, 76, São Conrado, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 22610-180, Brazil

    Camila Linhares de Rezende & Fabio Rubio Scarano

  3. Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Av. Venezuela, 110, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20081-312, Brazil

    Camila Linhares de Rezende

  4. Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Caixa Postal 47, Rod. Dom Pedro I, km 47, Nazaré Paulista, SP, CEP 12960-000, Brazil

    Alexandre Uezu

  5. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 2040, Solar da Imperatriz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 22460-036, Brazil

    Dorothy Sue Dunn Araujo

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  1. Camila Linhares de Rezende
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Correspondence to Camila Linhares de Rezende.

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de Rezende, C.L., Uezu, A., Scarano, F.R. et al. Atlantic Forest spontaneous regeneration at landscape scale. Biodivers Conserv 24, 2255–2272 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0980-y

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