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Impact of land-use intensity on the conservation of functional and phylogenetic diversity in temperate semi-natural plant communities

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Abstract

The earth is facing a worldwide decline in biodiversity, with land-use change identified as one of the most important drivers. There is evidence that the loss of diversity has a significant impact on ecosystem functioning. Earlier research focused on species richness, but more recent, functional and phylogenetic diversity came into the picture as the stronger determinants of ecosystem processes. The effects of increasing land-use intensity on functional (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD), however, are still poorly understood. We studied how FD and PD are affected by land-use intensity in temperate plant communities. Our results show that land-use intensity has a clear impact on species richness, but also affects functional and phylogenetic diversity. Intensive agricultural areas fail to support high and sustainable levels of functional and phylogenetic diversity. These results highlight the need for the protection of biodiversity in nature reserves and the conservation of areas with extensive agricultural practices. Because species richness may influence the measures of functional and phylogenetic diversity, we compared the observed FD and PD values with random values generated with a matrix-swap null model. The observed discrepancy between species loss and the loss of FD and PD calls for an integrated approach to biodiversity conservation, in which the different components of biodiversity are considered together.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was written when K. Van Meerbeek had a Ph.D. grant of the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT) and K. Helsen was financed by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO). Thanks goes out to Agency of Forest and Nature of the Flemish government and to Natuurpunt vzw for the access to the nature reserves and their help with the field work. Special thanks goes to Stijn Cornelis, Steven Keteleer, Jules Robijns, Tasja Van Rymenant, Johan Van Meerbeek and Dorien Grosemans for their help with sampling. The comments and suggestions of the anonymous reviewer were greatly acknowledged.

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  1. Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001, Louvain, Belgium

    Koenraad Van Meerbeek & Martin Hermy

  2. Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Arenbergpark 31, 3001, Louvain, Belgium

    Kenny Helsen

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  1. Koenraad Van Meerbeek
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Correspondence to Koenraad Van Meerbeek.

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Van Meerbeek, K., Helsen, K. & Hermy, M. Impact of land-use intensity on the conservation of functional and phylogenetic diversity in temperate semi-natural plant communities. Biodivers Conserv 23, 2259–2272 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0720-8

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