Abstract
The fact that pests are the most abundant species in agricultural settings has broadly precluded the attention to non-pest species and the study of temporal dynamics of diversity in agroecosystems. Because, agroecosystems hold increasingly important portions of biological diversity, understanding of non-pest species dynamics in such systems will contribute significantly to their conservation. In addition, deep understanding of both pest and non-pest population dynamics in a community context necessarily requires a long-term approach. By means of the analysis of weekly fruit fly sampling sessions across 12 years, in three tropical fruit orchards, we describe the temporal dynamics of species richness and turnover, structure and composition of Anastrepha fruit fly ensembles considering pest and non-pest species. Furthermore, we ask if time series of non-pest species covariate with time series of pest species, as a way to evaluate the best management scheme to minimize negative impacts of pest control on non-pest species. Among 18 Anastrepha fruit fly species detected over 12 years, five were considered as pest species. Fruit fly ensembles were characterized by strong seasonal dynamics composed of annual cycles. Sapodilla was the most diverse orchard. Overall, fruit fly ensembles appeared stable throughout time. The temporal dynamics of non-pest species covaried positively with temporal dynamics of pest abundance, with consequent management implications. Results suggest that in mango and grapefruit orchards, pest control could be focused during time periods with low potential impact on non-pest species; while in sapodilla orchards other approaches should be developed. The approach described here could be used in agroecosystems to minimize the impact of pest management on non-pest species particularly in highly anthropized landscapes and human-managed ecosystems were biodiversity conservation is a high priority.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the Bigurra-Armida family (Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz) and Doña Leticia Lagunes Rivera (Apazapan, Veracruz) for allowing us to work in their orchards. We thank Gemma Quintero, Andrea Birke-Biewendt, Isabel Jácome and Jaime Piñero for technical support. We thank Isabel Jácome, Jaime Piñero, Víctor Pavón, Oscar Palafox, Darío García, Martín Pale and Emilio Acosta for supervising and servicing traps on a weekly basis over the 12-year study period. This project was funded by grants by the Mexican Campaña Nacional Contra Moscas de la Fruta (DGSV-SAGARPA-IICA) to M. Aluja. Additional funds were provided by the Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT Grant Nos. D111-903537) [1990–1991], 0436P-N9506 [1996–1998] and 46846-Q [2004–2008]), the International Foundation for Science (IFS Grant No. C/1741-1), the Mexican Comisión para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO Project H-296), and the Sistema de Investigación Regional del Golfo de México (SIGOLFO-CONACyT, Project 96-01-003-V) to M. Aluja.
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Ordano, M., Guillén, L., Rull, J. et al. Temporal dynamics of diversity in a tropical fruit fly (Tephritidae) ensemble and their implications on pest management and biodiversity conservation. Biodivers Conserv 22, 1557–1575 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0468-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0468-6