Abstract
The risk of invasion from exotic alien plants is enhanced by the increased global flow of humans and trade. Exploring the colonizing ability of invasive alien organisms in local areas is conducive to formulating prevention and control measures. At present, model prediction of potential distribution areas has been frequently used, while there are relatively few experimental tests. Yellow top [Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze] is a globally problematic invasive plant that has become wide-spread throughout northern China. Model predictions were controversial as to whether Flaveria bidentis will spread to southern China. In 2018, seven fitness traits were measured, and seeds were collected from individual plants in 31 populations (899 individuals) of Flaveria bidentis in northern China (invaded area). In 2019, the collected were sown in a common garden in southern China (uninvaded area) under two treatments: manual weeding and no manual weeding. Annual monitoring of the occurrence of Flaveria bidentis seedlings in a common garden in southern China was conducted from 2020 to 2022. Our results showed that in southern China, the 31 populations of Flaveria bidentis could all complete their life history in the common garden with manual weeding. However, in the common garden without manual weeding, the life cycle could not be completed and no surviving seedlings were found in the three-year survey. Compared with the values observed in northern China, the plant height, 1000-grain weight, germination vigor, germination rate and germinable seed number per plant were significantly decreased in the manually weeded common garden in southern China, but the seed number per plant was significantly increased, so the germinable seed number per plant could still reach 4104 ± 1026. Comparison of the phenotypic differentiation coefficient and phenotypic plasticity index showed that the phenotypic difference in different populations was mainly influenced by environmental differences. The above results showed that once Flaveria bidentis is free from biotic resistance from local plants in southern China, it can complete its life cycle and produce abundant offspring, thus achieving colonization, and strong phenotypic plasticity is conducive to its adaptation and diffusion. Therefore, in southern China, monitoring of Flaveria bidentis should be strengthened to prevent it from producing seeds, and the native plant cover is conducive to inhibiting the germination of seeds that may be contained in the soil and seedling growth.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The sample information of Flaveria bidentis in northern China is attached.
References
Bai YZ, Cao XF, Chen C, Hu BS, Liu FQ (2009) Potential distribution areas of alien invasive plant Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) in China. Chin J Appl Ecol 20(10):2377–2383. http://www.cjae.net/EN/abstract/abstract2829.shtml
Baskin JM, Baskin CC (1998) Seeds. Academic Press, New York
Cao XF, Qiang GL, Hu BS, Liu FQ (2010) Prediction of potential suitable distribution area of Flaveria bidentis in China based on niche models. Chin J Appl Ecol 21(12):3063–3069. http://www.cjae.net/stxzz/EN/abstract/abstract3918.shtml
Castillo JM, Gallego-Tévar B, Figueroa E, Grewell BJ, Vallet D, Rousseau H, Keller J, Lima O, Dréano S, Salmon Aet al et al (2018) Low genetic diversity contrasts with high phenotypic variability in heptaploid Spartina densiflora populations invading the Pacific coast of North America. Ecol Evol 8:4992–5007. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4063
Chen X, Li XC, Song XL, Qiang S, Dai WM (2019) Observation on botanical characters and seed propagation characteristics, and ITS molecular identification of invasive plant Flaveria bidentis. J Plant Resour Environ 28(3):100–107. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-ZWZY201903015.htm
Cheng JL, Li J, Zhang Z, Lu H, Chen GQ, Yao BB, Dong YX, Ma L, Yuan XX, Xu JXet al (2021) Autopolyploidy-driven range expansion of a temperate‐originated plant to pan‐tropic under global change. Ecol Monogr 91(2):e1445. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1445
Derivera CE, ï¼²uiz GM, Hines AH, Jivoff P (2005) Biotic resistance to invasion: native predator limits abundance and distribution of an introduced crab. Ecology 86:3364–3376. https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0479
Fan JY, Zhao NX, Li M, Gao WF, Wang ML, Zhu GP (2018) What are the best predictors for invasive potential of weeds? Transferability evaluations of model predictions based on diverse environmental data sets for Flaveria bidentis. Weed Res 58:141–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12292
Gao XM, Tang TG, Liang Y, Zheng TX, Sang WG, Chen YL (2004) An alert regarding biological invasion by a new exotic plant, Flaveria bidentis, and strategies for its control. Biodivers Sci 12(2):274–279. https://doi.org/10.17520/biods.2004033
Gao SB, Zhang HB, Sun YF, Zhang GL (2017) Advances in research and application of replacement control of three invasive weeds. J Biosaf 26(1):18–22. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-1787.2017.01.003
Garnica S, Liao Z, Hamard S, Waller F, Parepa M, Bossdorf O (2022) Environmental stress determines the colonization and impact of an endophytic fungus on invasive knotweed. Biol Invasions 24:1785–1795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02749-y
Ge S, Wang MX, Chen YW (1988) An analysis of population genetic structure of masson pine by isozyme technique. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 24(4):399–409. https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-LYKE198804002.htm
Han JH, Li E, Wang YF, Wang MW (2020) Evaluation of replacement control effect on Flaveria bidentis. China Plant Protection 40(1):91–93. https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-LYKE198804002.htm
Humphries T, Chauhan B, Florentine S (2018) Environmental factors effecting the germination and seedling emergence of two populations of an aggressive agricultural weed; Nassella trichotoma. PLoS ONE 13(7):e199491. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199491
Kueffer C (2017) Plant invasions in the Anthropocene. Science 358(6364):724–725. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao6371
Li XJ, Wang GQ, Zhang CX, Huang HJ, Li YJ (2006) Distribution, characteristics and chemical control of the exotic plant, Flaveria bidentis. Chin Weed Sci 4:58–61. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCKX200604023.htm
Liao HX, Luo WB, Peng SL, Callaway RM (2015) Plant diversity, soil biota and resistance to exotic invasion. Divers Distrib. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12319
Lin WX (2013) Ecology. Science Press, Beijing
Liu QR (2005) Flaveria Juss. (Compositae). a newly naturalized genus in China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 43(2):178–180. https://doi.org/10.1360/aps040012
Liu XY, Zhao CY Li JS, Li FF, Zhu JF (2022) Simulation of the potential range of Flaveria bidentis and early warning in China under climate change scenarios. Res Environ Sci 12:2768–2776
Ma JW, Geng SL, Wang SB, Zhang GL, Fu WD, Shu B (2011) Genetic diversity of the newly invasive weed Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) reveals consequences of its rapid range expansion in northern China. Weed Res 51(4):363–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2011.00856.x
McConnachie MM, van Wilgen BW, Ferraro PJ, Forsyth AT, Richardson DM, Gaertner M, Cowling RM (2016) Using counterfactuals to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of controlling biological invasions. Ecol Appl 26(2):475–483. https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0351
Nghiem L, Soliman T, Yeo D, Tan H, Evans TA, Mumford JD, Keller RP, Baker R, Corlett RT, Carrasco LR (2013) Economic and environmental impacts of harmful non-indigenous species in southeast Asia. PLoS ONE 8:e71255. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071255
Paini DR, Sheppard AW, Cook DC, De Barro PJ, Worner SP, Thomas MB (2016) Global threat to agriculture from invasive species. PNAS 113(27):7575–7579. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602205113
Peng J, Ma Y, Li XJ, Ma XY, Xi JP, Ma YJ, Li XF (2012) Competition of an alien invasive weed Flaveria bidentis with cotton. Cotton Sci 24(3):272–278. https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-MHXB201203013.htm
Pimentel D, Lach L, Zuniga R, Morrison D (2000) Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous species in the United States. Bioscience 50:53–65. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0053:EAECON]2.3.CO;2
Powell AM (1978) Systematics of Flaveria (Flaveriinae-Asteraceae). Ann Mo Bot Gard 65(2):590–636. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398862
Qiang S, Zhang H (2022) Invasion and management of alien plants in agroecosystems in China. J Nanj Agricult Univer, 45(5): 957–980 https://www.nstl.gov.cn/paper_detail.html?id=2d704d072d0483f1a61588f3b55b8fe6
Uden DR, Allen CR, Angeler DG, Corral L, Fricke KA (2015) Adaptive invasive species distribution models: a framework for modeling incipient invasions. Biol Invasions 17(10):2831–2850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-0914-3
Valladares F, Wright SJ, Lasso E, Kitajima K, Pearcy RW (2000) Plastic phenotypic response to light of 16 congeneric shrubs from a panamanian rainforest. Ecology 81(7):1925–1936. https://doi.org/10.2307/177282
Wan FH, Jiang MX, Zhan AB (2017) Biological invasions and its management in China: Springer Series in Invasion Ecology. Springer Press, German
Wang GQ, Xu X, Wang JP, Li SQ, Lv Y, Ni HW (2011) Effects of different density of Flaveria bidentis on the growth and yield of cotton. Plant Prot 37(3):84–86. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2011.03.018
Wang Y, Zhang YJ, Sun XX, He XT, Yang JL, Chen XF, Shi ZH, Song XL, Qiang S, Dai WM (2021) Weedy rice de-domesticated from cultivated rice has evolved strong resistance to seed ageing. Weed Res 61:396–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12498
Wang YJ, Liu YY, Chen D, Du DL, Müller-Schärer H, Yu FH (2022) Clonal functional traits favor the invasive success of alien plants into native communities. Ecol Application 4:e2756. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2756
Wolfe LM, Elzinga JA, Biere A (2004) Increased susceptibility to enemies following introduction in the invasive plant Silene latifolia. Ecol Lett. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00649.x
Zhang F, Guo J, Chen F, Guo A, Wan F (2012) Assessment of allelopathic effects of residues of Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze on wheat seedlings. Arch Agron Soil Sci 58(3):257–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2010.518958
Zhang Y, Cao YF, Huo HL, Xu JY, Tian LM, Dong XG, Qi D, Liu C (2022) An assessment of the genetic diversity of pear (Pyrus L.) germplasm resources based on the fruit phenotypic traits. J Integr Agr 21(8):2275–2290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63885-6
Zheng YL, Burns JH, Liao ZY, Li YP, Yang J, Chen YJ, Zhang JL, Zheng YG (2018) Species composition, functional and phylogenetic distances correlate with sucess of invasive Chromolaena odoratain an experimental test. Ecol Lett 21(8):1211–1220. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13090
Acknowledgements
This research was financially supported by Investigation of Agricultural Invasive Species (Grant No. 13220137), the Key Technology for Biological Security (Grant No. 2016YFC1201202).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
WMD, XLS and SQ discussed and designed the study. WMD drafted the manuscript. WMD, LX and CX performed the statistical analysis. LX, CX, DX, WL, LYC participated in the data collection. ZHS helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Li Xin-Chen and Chen Xi have contributed equally to this study.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Xin-Chen, L., Xi, C., Xue-jing, D. et al. Test of the colonization ability of the invasive alien plant Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) in southern China. Biol Invasions 25, 3409–3424 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03114-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03114-3