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Historical analysis reveals ecological shifts in two omnivorous fish after the invasion of Limnoperna fortunei in the Uruguay river

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Abstract

Since the Asian golden mussel, Limnoperna fortunei, was first reported in the Río de la Plata in the 90’s, its invasion has continuously expanded throughout South America, promoting several negative ecosystem consequences. Several fish species consume and assimilate large fractions of L. fortunei in their biomass, partially controlling the abundance of this invader, but potential fish dietary and trophic niche modifications caused by the invasion have not been studied in deep. Through gut content, stable isotopes and gut morphometry analysis of field-collected and historical museum samples, the potential dietary, trophic niche and physiological consequences of the invasion for two predatory fish of the golden mussel were surveyed. The analysis of historical samples of some of the most frequent and abundant L. fortunei consumers, such as Megaleporinus obtusidens and Pimelodus maculatus, revealed changes in trophic niche when fish started to incorporate L. fortunei. Specifically, an increase in trophic position and a reduction in diet diversity was observed for both predators. Also, a reduction in dietary generalism occurred for M. obtusidens. Furthermore, the digestive tract mass of this species decreased after the invasion, that is, in parallel to a markedly increase in the consumption of animal material. This research raised several questions about the potential effect of L. fortunei on growth rates and abundances of M. obtusidens and P. maculatus, two of the most important species in commercial fisheries in the Uruguay river. Also, it may assist in predicting food web changes to be expected in newly invaded areas.

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Acknowledgements

We firstly gratefully thank Dr. Marcelo Loureiro, curator of the fish collections of Facultad de Ciencias, UDELAR, and Museo Nacional de Historia Natural in Montevideo, Uruguay. We also thank Giancarlo Tesitore, Samanta Stebniki and Juan Manuel Martínez for helping in sampling campaigns, and to Enrique Lessa for his support to this project. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments contributed greatly to the quality of this manuscript. This research project was funded by the National Agency for Innovation and Research (ANII) project ANII FCE_2_2016_1_126780 and scholarship ANII PD_NAC_2015_1_108121 and partly by the Scientific Research Sectorial Commission (Uruguay) project CSIC I+D_2016_577-348. I.G.-B., D.E.N., A.D., N.V. and F.T.M. received financial support by ANII and PEDECIBA and IS from a scholarship from the Comisión Académica de Posgrado (CAP).

Funding

This research project was funded by the Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII) project ANII FCE_2_2016_1_126780 and scholarship ANII PD_NAC_2015_1_108121 and partly by the Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (Uruguay) project CSIC I + D_2016_577-348. IGB, NV, AD, FTM and DN received financial support from the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI) of the ANII and IS from a scholarship from the Comisión Académica de Posgrado (CAP). All authors recived support from the national Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA).

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IGB and DEN participated in the conception and design of the study. All authors carried out the fieldwork. IG, NV and DEN carried out the lab work. IGB analysed the data and drafted the manuscript with the help of all authors. All authors gave final approval for publication.

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Correspondence to Ivan González-Bergonzoni.

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González-Bergonzoni, I., Vidal, N., D’Anatro, A. et al. Historical analysis reveals ecological shifts in two omnivorous fish after the invasion of Limnoperna fortunei in the Uruguay river. Biol Invasions 25, 1935–1954 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03020-8

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