Abstract
Invasive Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) have established populations throughout the Missouri River basin. The main-stem Missouri River has undergone a multitude of alterations, creating a channel with greater mean depths and velocities, limiting optimal habitat for Silver Carp. Tributaries to the Missouri River may provide refuge from the swift flows within the main-stem Missouri River and, therefore, may play a vital role in the life-cycle of Silver Carp throughout the basin. Understanding the spatial extent under which these invasive fish function in this large, open river system is crucial to inform management efforts. Here, we used otolith microchemistry of Silver Carp from the Kansas River, a major tributary to the Missouri River, to reconstruct environmental histories as a means to assess the proportions of resident (individuals who never left the Kansas River system) and transient (individuals who at some point occupied the Missouri River) individuals. Silver Carp within the Kansas River were predominantly residents (adults = 54%; juveniles = 65%) with the majority of reproduction coming from within the Kansas River itself. These results suggest removal efforts in the Kansas River may be effective means of managing this invasive fish species. Transient fish exhibited short durations of signatures indicative of the Missouri River (mean percent of data points for adults = 10% and juveniles = 36%), suggesting movements into the Missouri River were brief. These results highlight the importance of connectivity of tributary habitat among large rivers and provides important information for invasive species management.
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Data availability
All datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.
Code availability
All the R code used for this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism for providing the funding for this project. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and feedback, and Dr. Gregory Whitledge for providing otolith trace element data from the Missouri River and helping with the laser ablation. Thank you to Andrew Karlin, Katie Schrag, Charlie DeShazer, Quade Brees, and Alex Otto for their assistance in the field and laboratory.
Funding
Funding was provided by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism (Grant No. 12577). This work was also supported in part by USDA, National Institute for Food and Agriculture, multi-state Hatch project 1189.
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J P. W – Contribution to conception and design, acquisition of data, and analysis and interpretation of the data. Drafting the article and final approval. Q J. D – Contribution to conception and design, acquisition of data, and interpretation of the data. Revising the article critically for important intellectual content, and final approval. M A. P – Contribution to conception and design and interpretation of the data. Revising the article critically for important intellectual content, and final approval. M J. H – Contribution to conception and design and interpretation of the data. Revising the article critically for important intellectual content, and final approval.
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Werner, J.P., Dean, Q.J., Pegg, M.A. et al. Patterns in spatial use and movement of Silver Carp among tributaries and main-stem rivers: insight from otolith microchemistry analysis. Biol Invasions 25, 471–484 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02927-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02927-y