Abstract
The production and release of chemical compounds by invasive plants can affect competitors and native species overall, destabilizing ecological interactions and harming ecosystem functioning. Hedychium coronarium is an invasive macrophyte common on Brazilian riparian areas that produces a wide variety of allelochemicals, but little is known about their effect on aquatic species. Here, we identified the major chemical compounds of the aqueous extract of H. coronarium rhizomes and assessed its toxicity, evaluating the growth inhibition of one alga (Raphidocelis subcapitata) and one macrophyte (Lemna minor), and the lethality of cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis) and Chironomidae larvae (Chironomus sancticaroli). The majoritarian compounds of H. coronarium rhizomes were Coronarin D and Coronarin D Ethyl Ether. The aqueous extract was toxic for all tested species. We observed growth inhibition in R. subcapitata, as well as reduction in biomass in L. minor. Chironomus sancticaroli and cladoceran were the most sensible species. The aqueous extract of H. coronarium rhizomes was toxic on tested conditions, suggesting that the rhizome compounds may interfere on aquatic organisms and in the dynamic of trophic webs of aquatic ecosystems on invaded areas.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) for a scholarship to the first author. We thank the São Paulo Research Foundation for funding the research (FAPESP, Grant 2016/19522-5, 2012/25299-6) and to The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for research productivity fellowship to the last author and for funding (Grants 307839/2014-1,403210/2016-0). We thank Augusto Batisteli for comments on the first draft of manuscript.
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CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)—scholarship to the first author; São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Grant 2016/19522-5, 2012/25299-6); Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) - research productivity fellowship (Grants 307839/2014-1, 403210/2016-0).
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Costa, R.O., Vieira, B.H., Espindola, E.L.G. et al. Toxicity of rhizomes of the invasive Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae) on aquatic species. Biol Invasions 23, 2221–2231 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02501-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02501-y