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Origin and history of Phoxinus (Cyprinidae) introductions in the Douro Basin (Iberian Peninsula): an update inferred from genetic data

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Abstract

The number of non-native freshwater fishes in the Iberian Peninsula has been greatly increasing. In this study, individuals of the genus Phoxinus were detected in 18 out of 138 stream sites sampled across the Douro Basin in 2017 and 2018. A total of 26 individuals were barcoded using partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes for species identification and determination of geographical origin. Molecular data provided the first record of a second Phoxinus species in western Douro (Portugal, Iberian Peninsula), with haplotypes closely matching those found in the Charente River (southern France). This species is suspected to be a recent introduction associated with the use of minnows as live bait by freshwater anglers, which was facilitated by human movements between France and Portugal. Individuals from watercourses in eastern Douro (Spain) were genetically assigned to Phoxinus bigerri, an introduced species previously known for that region, which confirms reports of introduction events from Ebro to Douro Basin probably also related to freshwater angling and facilitated by geographic proximity. The potential ecological impacts of this genus in the region are unknown and need further investigation.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Fernando Teixeira, Fernando Miranda, Mário Ferreira, Sara Carona, José Pedro Ramião and Francisco Carvalho for the valuable assistance during fieldwork. We specially thank Maria Filomena Magalhães for previous fruitful discussions and logistic support. We are grateful to Matthias F. Geiger and Andrea Corral Lou for facilitating genetic data and coordinates of sampling sites. Finally, we appreciate the comments of the three anonymous reviewers that improved the quality of the manuscript. AFF and AGR were supported by the project FRESHING founded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and COMPETE (PTDC/AAGMAA/2261/2014 – POCI-01-0145-FEDER-356016824). FMSM was supported by the FCT PhD grant SFRH/BD/104703/2014. This study was conducted as part of the projects FRESHING and FRESHCO. The latter is also supported by FCT and COMPETE (PTDC/AGR-FOR/1627/2014 – 04/SAICT/2015) and UID/AGR/04033/2019. Logistic support was also facilitated by the ENVMETAGEN – Capacity Building at InBIO for Research and Innovation Using Environmental Metagenomics project at CIBIO laboratories (668981; EUH2020-WIDESPREAD-2014-2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal

    Aina Garcia-Raventós, Filipa M. S. Martins, Manuel Lopes-Lima, Pedro Beja & Ana Filipa Filipe

  2. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    Filipa M. S. Martins

  3. CIMO-IPB, Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal

    Amilcar Teixeira

  4. CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    Ronaldo Sousa

  5. CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal

    Elsa Froufe & Manuel Lopes-Lima

  6. CITAB-UTAD Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Forestry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    Simone Varandas

  7. CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal

    Pedro Beja & Ana Filipa Filipe

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  1. Aina Garcia-Raventós
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  2. Filipa M. S. Martins
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  5. Elsa Froufe
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  7. Manuel Lopes-Lima
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  8. Pedro Beja
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  9. Ana Filipa Filipe
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Correspondence to Aina Garcia-Raventós or Ana Filipa Filipe.

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Garcia-Raventós, A., Martins, F.M.S., Teixeira, A. et al. Origin and history of Phoxinus (Cyprinidae) introductions in the Douro Basin (Iberian Peninsula): an update inferred from genetic data. Biol Invasions 22, 2409–2419 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02279-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02279-5

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