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Pre-adaptations and shifted chemical defences provide Buddleja davidii populations with high resistance against antagonists in the invasive range

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Abstract

The local invasion success of invasive plants can be strongly influenced by reduced antagonist pressure and changes in resistance-mediating traits, but information about comprehensive metabolic backgrounds of native versus invasive populations and their functions is lacking. We examined the defence potential of ten native (Chinese) and ten invasive (European) populations of the shrub Buddleja davidii (Scrophulariaceae) grown in a common garden in the invasive range. We compared the chemical defence arsenal of these plant populations, scored their herbivore damage in the field and determined effects on a generalist herbivore species in the laboratory. Moreover, we isolated compounds that mediate resistance against two potential generalist herbivore species and a pathogenic fungus using bioassay-guided fractionation. Metabolic fingerprinting revealed that invasive populations were chemically very similar to one native population (Mupingzhen, Sichuan Province), which may indicate the geographic region from where the species was introduced. Herbivore damage and herbivore performance were reduced on plants of invasive populations. Different chemical compounds provided distinct resistance against the herbivore and fungus species. Based on our results we suggest that the diverse cocktail of chemical compounds, potentially together with physical leaf features, may provide this plant species with an effective defence arsenal against antagonists. In particular, advantageous pre-adaptations and/or shifted profiles of the chemical bouquet may contribute to the success of invasive plants.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dörte Goertz (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria) for providing egg batches of the generalist Lymantria dispar and the technical staff of the field research station of the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle (UFZ) in Bad Lauchstädt for maintenance of the common garden experiment.

Funding

This work was partly funded by the grant of the German Research Foundation (DFG) MU1829/16-1. Seed collection in native and invasive populations was funded by the German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU, 20004/705).

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Author notes

  1. Shared first authorship: Helga Pankoke and Lisa Johanna Tewes.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany

    Helga Pankoke, Lisa Johanna Tewes & Caroline Müller

  2. Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Isabell Hensen

  3. Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Stephanie Matties, Martin Schädler, Susan Ebeling & Harald Auge

  4. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    Isabell Hensen, Martin Schädler & Harald Auge

Authors
  1. Helga Pankoke
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Correspondence to Caroline Müller.

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Methods S1

UHPLC-TOF analysis and data processing. Figure S1 Total ion chromatogramms of Buddleja davidii leaf extract and fractions. Figure S2 Fragmentation and respective ion and adduct pattern of reference substances (DOCX 346 kb)

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Pankoke, H., Tewes, L.J., Matties, S. et al. Pre-adaptations and shifted chemical defences provide Buddleja davidii populations with high resistance against antagonists in the invasive range. Biol Invasions 21, 333–347 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1825-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1825-x

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