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Effect of the spatial context along the invasion process: “Hierarchical spatial” or “Host-switching spatial” hypotheses?

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Abstract

Very little is known about how spatial effects influence invasive species throughout the invasion sequence. We propose here two mechanisms to explain the changes in spatial effects throughout the stages of invasion, using the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) as a model. First, the “hierarchical spatial effect” hypothesis, based on a change in the relative importance of the spatial scales throughout the invasion process, with main effect at broad scale during the first years of invasion, and main effect at local scale during the subsequent years. Second, the “host-switching spatial effect” hypothesis, stating that the spatial effect is driven by a switch in the effect of the host/habitat throughout the invasion process, from effect of main summer host/habitat during the first years of invasion to effect of overwintering host/habitat during the subsequent years. Data from governmental archives and field samplings enabled to investigate the spatial effects on aphid density at three scales (regional, landscape, local) during a 7 year period (2006–2012). Our results demonstrate that the hierarchical spatial effect hypothesis is not an adequate model for the soybean aphid, aphid density being more affected by landscape-scale factors irrespective of years. In contrast, our results are in accordance with the host-switching spatial hypothesis, with positive effect of the main summer host/habitat (soybean) during the first steps of invasion (2006–2008), followed by a positive effect of overwintering habitats (buckthorn, woodland) during the subsequent years (2010–2012). Overall, investigating these hypotheses in other systems would determine whether the same tendency is observed for other invasive species.

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Acknowledgements

First, we thank Claude Parent (Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec, MAPAQ) for the entomological archive dataset and the Financière Agricole du Québec for acquisition of geomatic dataset relative to insured crops, Géomont and Government of Québec for the orthophotographs and the non-crop shapefile. We also thank André Rondeau and Yves Perreault (MAPAQ) for help in field sampling logistic, the agro-environmental advisory clubs (PleineTerre, Agri-ConseilsMaska and Groupe Proconseil) for help in field sampling, Pierre Drapeau (Université du Québec à Montréal, UQAM) and Pierre Legendre (Université de Montréal) for statistical advice, and Clint Kelly (UQAM) for language editing. Our acknowledgements also go to the summer students that helped in field sampling, the farmers involved in the project and the members of the biocontrol laboratory of UQAM. Funding was provided by the MAPAQ (Programme de soutien à l’innovation en agroalimentaire), the Fonds de la recherche du Québec nature et technologies (FRQNT), and UQAM (Bourses d’excellence FARE pour les cycles supérieurs).

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada

    Julie-Éléonore Maisonhaute & Eric Lucas

  2. Centre de recherche sur les grains, 740, chemin Trudeau, Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, J3G 0E2, Canada

    Geneviève Labrie

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Maisonhaute, JÉ., Labrie, G. & Lucas, E. Effect of the spatial context along the invasion process: “Hierarchical spatial” or “Host-switching spatial” hypotheses?. Biol Invasions 20, 345–363 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1536-8

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