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Patterns of genetic variation of a Lessepsian parasite

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Abstract

Genetic studies of Lessepsian species often demonstrate the absence of a genetic bottleneck in a wide plethora of taxa, from plants to fish, but information regarding the genetic responses of their parasites in the newly colonized ecosystems is still lacking. This study compared genetic diversity of Red Sea (Eilat, Nabq), Suez canal (Ismailia) and Mediterranean (Rhodes, Tel Aviv) populations of the Monogenoidea Glyphidohaptor plectocirra by sequencing a portion of the mitochondrial CoxI gene. Despite evidence of a slight decrease in the genetic diversity of Mediterranean populations, a simulation analysis based on coalescent theory demonstrated the absence of significant bottlenecks, but there was directional selection along a cline moving further from the Suez canal. The absence of bottlenecks was congruent with that described for G. plectocirra hosts Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus, and reflected a common history of high propagule pressure during initial colonization, and constant or repeated gene flow from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean area. However, directional selection was peculiar to the parasites and likely originated from parasite genotype × environment interactions. Finally, an anisotropic contribution of Red Sea populations to the Lessepsian invasion was demonstrated.

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Acknowledgments

The authors want to thank Laura Bernabò, Davide Parise and Andrea Guastamacchia for their help in the lab. We also acknowledge the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency rangers in Nabq, Egypt and Dr. Marco Milazzo for their help in fish sampling. This study has been partially supported by the Euro-Mediterranean Center for Climatic Change and the Italian Ministry for the Environment and the Territory (project: The impacts of biological invasions and climate change on the biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy

    Fabrizio Stefani

  2. Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, p.za della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy

    Fabrizio Stefani, Giovanni Aquaro & Paolo Galli

  3. Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), STS Livorno, Terminal Crociere - Piazzale dei Marmi 2, 57123, Livorno, Italy

    Ernesto Azzurro

  4. Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Centre for Mariculture, P.O.B. 1212, 88112, Eilat, Israel

    Angelo Colorni

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  1. Fabrizio Stefani
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  3. Ernesto Azzurro
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  4. Angelo Colorni
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  5. Paolo Galli
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Correspondence to Fabrizio Stefani.

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Stefani, F., Aquaro, G., Azzurro, E. et al. Patterns of genetic variation of a Lessepsian parasite. Biol Invasions 14, 1725–1736 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0183-3

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