Abstract
Biological plant invasions pose a serious threat to native biodiversity and have received much attention, especially in terrestrial habitats. In freshwater ecosystems impacts of invasive plant species are less studied. We hypothesized an impact on organisms from the water column and from the sediment. We then assessed the impact of three aquatic invasive species on the plants and macroinvertebrates: Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Ludwigia grandiflora and Myriophyllum aquaticum. Our research on 32 ponds in Belgium indicated that the reduction in the native plant species richness was a common pattern to invasion. However, the magnitude of impacts were species specific. A strong negative relationship to invasive species cover was found, with submerged vegetation the most vulnerable to the invasion. Invertebrate richness, diversity and abundance were measured in sediments of invaded and uninvaded ponds along a gradient of H. ranunculoides, L. grandiflora, and M. aquaticum species cover. We found a strong negative relationship between invasive species cover and invertebrate abundance, probably due to unsuitable conditions of the detritus for invertebrate colonization. Taxonomic compositions of aquatic invertebrate assemblages in invaded ponds differed from uninvaded ponds. Sensitive benthos, such as mayflies were completely absent in invaded ponds. The introduction of H. ranunculoides, L. grandiflora, and M. aquaticum in Belgian ponds has caused significant ecological alterations in the aquatic vegetation and the detritus community of ponds.
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Acknowledgments
First, we like to thank the following persons for field assistance: Linde Besard, Joëlle De Weerdt and Nele Vanbekbergen. We also thank Bianca Veraart (province of Antwerp) and the nature managers (Natuurpunt) for providing the locations of invaded ponds within the nature reserves. The following landowners generously allowed us to conduct research on their property: M. Farvaque, S. Rogiers, F. and C. De Lathauwer-De Weirdt, W. Orban and J. Henderickx. We thank Jamie Scott for English correction of the manuscript, and the Editor and two anonymous referees for useful comments on the manuscript. This paper is part of the project ‘ALIEN IMPACT’ financed by the Belgian Science Policy, contract number SD/BD/01A and by the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (OZR 1946 BOF).
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Stiers, I., Crohain, N., Josens, G. et al. Impact of three aquatic invasive species on native plants and macroinvertebrates in temperate ponds. Biol Invasions 13, 2715–2726 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-9942-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-9942-9