Abstract
Objectives
The tolerance to organophosphate pesticide, dichlorvos, is essential for the application of Trichoderma in bioremediation and integrated pest management, although the molecular events associated with the tolerance process have not yet been elucidated.
Results
RNA-seq analysis of wild-type Trichoderma atroviride T23 and the hex1-deleted mutant under dichlorvos stress was designed to search for genes involved in the tolerance process. A total of 5382 differentially expressed genes were identified, highlighting the complex transcriptional changes of T. atroviride in response to dichlorvos stress. 137 genes were regulated by dichlorvos and hex1, encoding major facilitator superfamilies, cytochrome P450, glutathione-S-transferase, flavoprotein, Hsp70, Hsp90, etc. Pathway and expression analysis indicated that ABC transporters were affected by the disruption of hex1 gene and might play a vital role in the tolerance process. Expression patterns of seven selected ABC transporter genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR after exposure to dichlorvos for 2, 6 and 24 h.
Conclusions
The present study provides insights into the genetic basis of dichlorvos tolerance in Trichoderma that may be exploited for further development of bioremediation or biocontrol agents.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270155, 31440025, 31201557), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (12ZR1414100), Key Basic Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (12JC1404600), Special Project of Basic Work Project for Science and Technology (2014FY120900). The authors thank Zhe Zhang for Perl programming, and Weixuan Wu for the help in qPCR data analysis.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Supporting information
Supplementary Table 1—Genes and PCR primers used for quantitative PCR analysis.
Supplementary Table 2—137 candidate genes involved in dichlorvos tolerance and regulated by hex1 from cluster I and III. 25 genes involved in transport activity are highlighted.
Supplementary Table 3—28 ABC transporters in Trichoderma atroviride.
Supplementary Fig. 1—Gene ontology (GO) annotation of differentially expressed genes (corrected P value ≤ 0.05). Distribution of differentially expressed genes using the Blast2GO function prediction tool. The major gene function categories include biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. Significantly enriched GO terms at level 2 in at least one comparison are plotted.
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Zhang, T., Tang, J., Sun, J. et al. Hex1-related transcriptome of Trichoderma atroviride reveals expression patterns of ABC transporters associated with tolerance to dichlorvos. Biotechnol Lett 37, 1421–1429 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-015-1806-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-015-1806-4