Skip to main content
Log in

Genetic Variability of PXR in Saudi Arabians

  • Published:
Biochemical Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 13 December 2013

Abstract

Polymorphisms in the PXR gene play important roles in influencing the efficacy and toxicity of a large number of endogenous and exogenous substrates. Because of ethnic specificity, several studies have been directed toward the determination of PXR polymorphisms in various populations. In the current study, we determined the genotype and allele frequencies of 19 coding and regulatory polymorphisms in the PXR gene in Saudi Arabians by direct sequencing. Our results show that the frequencies of the regulatory PXR SNPs in Saudi Arabians differ from those in other ethnic groups, and the results endorse the commonly seen ethnic pattern of a paucity of the PXR coding SNPs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Blumberg B, Sabbagh W Jr, Juguilon H, Bolado J Jr, van Meter CM, Ong ES, Evans RM (1998) SXR, a novel steroid and xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor. Genes Dev 12:3195–3205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bosch TM, Deenen M, Pruntel R, Smits PH, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH, Meijerman I (2006) Screening for polymorphisms in the PXR gene in a Dutch population. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 62:395–399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuen S, Fukuda T, Matsuda H, Sumida A, Yamamoto I, Inaba T, Azuma J (2002) Identification of the novel splicing variants for the hPXR in human livers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 298:433–438

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geick A, Eichelbaum M, Burk O (2001) Nuclear receptor response elements mediate induction of intestinal MDR1 by rifampin. J Biol Chem 276:14581–14587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerbal-Chaloin S, Pascussi JM, Pichard-Garcia L, Daujat M, Waechter F, Fabre JM, Carrere N, Maurel P (2001) Induction of CYP2C genes in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Drug Metab Dispos 29:242–251

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin B, Moore LB, Stoltz CM, McKee DD, Kliewer SA (2001) Regulation of the human CYP2B6 gene by the nuclear pregnane X receptor. Mol Pharmacol 60:427–431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin B, Redinbo MR, Kliewer SA (2002) Regulation of CYP3A gene transcription by the pregnane x receptor. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 42:1–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo GL, Staudinger J, Ogura K, Klaassen CD (2002) Induction of rat organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 by pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile is via interaction with pregnane X receptor. Mol Pharmacol 61:832–839

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hor SY, Lee SC, Wong CI, Lim YW, Lim RC, Wang LZ, Fan L, Guo JY, Lee HS, Goh BC, Tan T (2008) PXR, CAR and HNF4alpha genotypes and their association with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of docetaxel and doxorubicin in Asian patients. Pharmacogenomics J 8:139–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes TA (2006) Regulation of gene expression by alternative untranslated regions. Trends Genet 22:119–122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hustert E, Zibat A, Presecan-Siedel E, Eiselt R, Mueller R, Fuss C, Brehm I, Brinkmann U, Eichelbaum M, Wojnowski L, Burk O (2001) Natural protein variants of pregnane X receptor with altered transactivation activity toward CYP3A4. Drug Metab Dispos 29:1454–1459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King CR, Xiao M, Yu J, Minton MR, Addleman NJ, Van Booven DJ, Kwok PY, McLeod HL, Marsh S (2007) Identification of NR1I2 genetic variation using resequencing. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 63:547–554

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer SA, Moore JT, Wade L, Staudinger JL, Watson MA, Jones SA, McKee DD, Oliver BB, Willson TM, Zetterstrom RH, Perlmann T, Lehmann JM (1998) An orphan nuclear receptor activated by pregnanes defines a novel steroid signaling pathway. Cell 92:73–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koyano S, Kurose K, Ozawa S, Saeki M, Nakajima Y, Hasegawa R, Komamura K, Ueno K, Kamakura S, Nakajima T, Saito H, Kimura H, Goto Y, Saitoh O, Katoh M, Ohnuma T, Kawai M, Sugai K, Ohtsuki T, Suzuki C, Minami N, Saito Y, Sawada J (2002) Eleven novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NR1I2 (PXR) gene, four of which induce non-synonymous amino acid alterations. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 17:561–565

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koyano S, Kurose K, Saito Y, Ozawa S, Hasegawa R, Komamura K, Ueno K, Kamakura S, Kitakaze M, Nakajima T, Matsumoto K, Akasawa A, Saito H, Sawada J (2004) Functional characterization of four naturally occurring variants of human pregnane X receptor (PXR): one variant causes dramatic loss of both DNA binding activity and the transactivation of the CYP3A4 promoter/enhancer region. Drug Metab Dispos 32:149–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamba V, Yasuda K, Lamba JK, Assem M, Davila J, Strom S, Schuetz EG (2004) PXR (NR1I2): splice variants in human tissues, including brain, and identification of neurosteroids and nicotine as PXR activators. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 199:251–265

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann JM, McKee DD, Watson MA, Willson TM, Moore JT, Kliewer SA (1998) The human orphan nuclear receptor PXR is activated by compounds that regulate CYP3A4 gene expression and cause drug interactions. J Clin Invest 102:1016–1023

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lim YP, Liu CH, Shyu LJ, Huang JD (2005) Functional characterization of a novel polymorphism of pregnane X receptor, Q158K, in Chinese subjects. Pharmacogenet Genomics 15:337–341

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez A, Marquez A, Mendoza J, Taxonera C, Fernandez-Arquero M, Diaz-Rubio M, de la Concha EG, Urcelay E (2007) Role of the PXR gene locus in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 13:1484–1487

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moreira RP, Jorge AA, Mendonca BB, Bachega TA (2011) Frequency of genetic polymorphisms of PXR gene in the Brazilian population. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 66:1041–1044

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Owen A, Chandler B, Back DJ, Khoo SH (2004) Expression of pregnane-X-receptor transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and correlation with MDR1 mRNA. Antivir Ther 9:819–821

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piedade R, Schaeffeler E, Winter S, Asimus S, Schwab M, Ashton M, Burk O, Gil JP (2012) PXR variants and artemisinin use in Vietnamese subjects: frequency distribution and impact on the interindividual variability of CYP3A induction by artemisinin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:2153–2157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenfeld JM, Vargas R Jr, Xie W, Evans RM (2003) Genetic profiling defines the xenobiotic gene network controlled by the nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor. Mol Endocrinol 17:1268–1282

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandanaraj E, Lal S, Selvarajan V, Ooi LL, Wong ZW, Wong NS, Ang PC, Lee EJ, Chowbay B (2008) PXR pharmacogenetics: association of haplotypes with hepatic CYP3A4 and ABCB1 messenger RNA expression and doxorubicin clearance in Asian breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 14:7116–7126

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schipani A, Siccardi M, D’Avolio A, Baietto L, Simiele M, Bonora S, Rodriguez Novoa S, Cuenca L, Soriano V, Chierakul N, Saguenwong N, Chuchuttaworn C, Hoskins JM, Dvorak AM, McLeod HL, Davies G, Khoo S, Back DJ, Di Perri G, Owen A (2010) Population pharmacokinetic modeling of the association between 63396C→T pregnane X receptor polymorphism and unboosted atazanavir clearance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54:5242–5250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sugatani J, Nishitani S, Yamakawa K, Yoshinari K, Sueyoshi T, Negishi M, Miwa M (2005) Transcriptional regulation of human UGT1A1 gene expression: activated glucocorticoid receptor enhances constitutive androstane receptor/pregnane X receptor-mediated UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 regulation with glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1. Mol Pharmacol 67:845–855

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svard J, Spiers JP, Mulcahy F, Hennessy M (2010) Nuclear receptor-mediated induction of CYP450 by antiretrovirals: functional consequences of NR1I2 (PXR) polymorphisms and differential prevalence in whites and sub-Saharan Africans. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 55:536–549

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Synold TW, Dussault I, Forman BM (2001) The orphan nuclear receptor SXR coordinately regulates drug metabolism and efflux. Nat Med 7:584–590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, LeCluyse EL (2003) Role of orphan nuclear receptors in the regulation of drug-metabolising enzymes. Clin Pharmacokinet 42:1331–1357

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XD, Li JL, Su QB, Deng XY, Lu Y, Chen J, Zhang JX, Zhao LZ, Zuo Z, Chan E, Chen X, Chowbay B, Xue CC, Huang M, Zhou SF (2007) A pharmacogenetic study of pregnane X receptor (NR1I2) in Han Chinese. Curr Drug Metab 8:778–786

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XD, Deng XY, Chen J, Li JL, Chen X, Zhao LZ, Lu Y, Chowbay B, Su QB, Huang M, Zhou SF (2008) Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the pregnane x receptor gene in Han Chinese and a comparison with other ethnic populations. Pharmacology 81:350–354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang B, Xie W, Krasowski MD (2008) PXR: a xenobiotic receptor of diverse function implicated in pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenomics 9:169–1709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Kuehl P, Green ED, Touchman JW, Watkins PB, Daly A, Hall SD, Maurel P, Relling M, Brimer C, Yasuda K, Wrighton SA, Hancock M, Kim RB, Strom S, Thummel K, Russell CG, Hudson JR Jr, Schuetz EG, Boguski MS (2001) The human pregnane X receptor: genomic structure and identification and functional characterization of natural allelic variants. Pharmacogenetics 11:555–572

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou C, Verma S, Blumberg B (2009) The steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR), beyond xenobiotic metabolism. Nucl Recept Signal 7:e001

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Plan for Sciences and Technology Program (grant 08-MED565-02), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammed S. Al-Dosari.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Al-Dosari, M.S., Alkharfy, K.M., Alghamdi, A.M. et al. Genetic Variability of PXR in Saudi Arabians. Biochem Genet 51, 575–587 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-013-9588-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-013-9588-7

Keywords

Navigation