References
Abu Al-Soud W, Radstrom P (2000) Effects of amplification facilitators on diagnostic PCR in presence of blood, feces and meat. J Clin Microbiol 38:4463–4470
Ahokas H, Erkkila MJ (1993) Interference of PCR amplification by the polyamines, spermine and spermidine. PCR Methods Appl 3:65–68
Ahlquist DA, Skoletsky JE, Boynton KA, Harrington JJ, Mahoney DW, Pierceall WE, Thibodeau SN, Shuder AP (2000) Colorectal cancer screening by detection of altered human DNA in stool: feasibility of a multitarget assay panel. Gastroenterology 119:1219–1227
Dowd SE, Gerba CP, Enriquez FJ, Pepper IL (1998) PCR amplification and species determination of microsporidia in formalin-fixed feces after immunomagnetic separation. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:333–336
Kent Moore J, Smith JA, Whitney DH, Durkee KH, Shuber AP (2008) An electrophoretic capture method for efficient recovery of rare sequences from heterogeneous DNA. Biotechniques 44:363–374
Khan AU, Di Mascio P, Medeiros MH, Wilson T (1992) Spermine and spermidine protection of plasmid DNA against single-strand breaks induced by singlet oxygen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:11428–11430
Kreader CA (1996) Relief of amplification inhibition in PCR with bovine serum albumin or T4 gene 32 protein. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:1102–1106
Machiels BM, Ruers T, Lindhout M, Hardy K, Hlavaty T, Bang DD, Somers VA, Baeten C, von Meyenfeldt M, Thunnissen FB (2000) New protocol for DNA extraction of stool. Biotechniques 28:286–290
McKeown BJ (1994) An acetylated (nuclease-free) bovine serum albumin in a PCR buffer inhibits amplification. Biotechniques 17:246–248
Olive DM (1989) Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli after polymerase chain reaction amplification with a thermostable DNA polymerase. J Clin Microbiol 27:261–265
Ouameur AA, Tajmir-Riahi HA (2004) Structural analysis of DNA interactions with biogenic polyamines and cobalt (III) hexamine studied by Fourier transform infrared and capillary electrophoresis. J Biol Chem 279:42041–42054
Panaccio M, Lew A (1991) PCR based diagnosis in the presence of 8% (v/v) blood. Nucleic Acids Res 19:1151
Spotheim-Maurizot M, Ruiz S, Sabattier R, Charlier M (1995) Radioprotection of DNA by polyamines. Int J Radiat Biol 68:571–577
Verweij JJ, Blotkamp J, Brienen EA, Aguirre A, Polderman AM (2000) Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar cysts using polymerase chain reaction on DNA isolated from faeces with spin columns. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 19:358–361
Widjojoatmodjo MN, Fluit AC, Torensma R, Verdonk GP, Verhoef J (1992) The magnetic immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay for direct detection of salmonellae in fecal samples. J Clin Microbiol 30:3195–3199
Wilde J, Eiden J, Yolken R (1990) Removal of inhibitory substances from human fecal specimens for detection of group A rotaviruses by reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reactions. J Clin Microbiol 28:1300–1307
Wilson IG (1997) Inhibition and facilitation of nucleic acid amplification. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3741–3751
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank Mr. Kazutoshi Sasaki (Roche Applied Science) and Dr. Matsujiro Morita (Armada-Style Co. Ltd.) for valuable advice.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kikuchi, A., Sawamura, T., Kawase, N. et al. Utility of Spermidine in PCR Amplification of Stool Samples. Biochem Genet 48, 428–432 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-009-9326-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-009-9326-3