Sequence divergence of mitochondrial COII was analyzed in 50 specimens belonging to five subspecies of Polyura eudamippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) collected from southern China. There were nine haplotypes in the 405 bp of partial COII sequence. Distribution of the five subspecies was primarily consistent with the spatial distribution of haplotypes. The K st statistic showed genetic differentiation among these subspecies, except between the pair of P. e. kuangtungensis and P. e. formosana, which were separated by the Taiwan Strait. This is consistent with the 10,000-year history of the Taiwan Strait, not long enough for detectable differentiation. The present distribution pattern of COII haplotypes of P. eudamippus should be shaped by the alteration of Pleistocene glaciations, and Yunnan might be the refugium of P. eudamippus in the ice age, judging from the abundant haplotypes remaining. There were two routes for P. eudamippus in the postglacial expansion, one northward to Sichuan, Chongqing, and Hubei and another eastward to the southeastern coast of mainland China and Taiwan Island. Because the haplotype of butterflies on Hainan Island (P. e. whiteheadi) was completely different from that of mainland China, it was estimated that butterflies on Hainan Island might be from the Indo-China Peninsula rather than from mainland China.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was funded by Projects 39830050 and 30211130505 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The persons listed in Table I provided butterfly specimens for the study, and many unlisted persons did favor when we collected the butterfly specimens. Mr. Jingsheng Zhang provided technical support in DNA sequencing. Prof. Jingyun Fang in Peking University made useful comments on the manuscript. We appreciate their help.
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Long, Y., Wan, H., Yan, F. et al. Glacial Effects on Sequence Divergence of Mitochondrial COII of Polyura eudamippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in China. Biochem Genet 44, 359–375 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-006-9035-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-006-9035-0