Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dynamic Control of the Output Characteristics of an Inductive Power Supply System for Implants with a Class E Power Amplifier

  • Published:
Biomedical Engineering Aims and scope

Displacement of the transmitting and receiving coils in inductive power (IP) supply systems with a class E power amplifier (PA) leads to changes in the output power level, which is critical for powering implantable medical devices. Dynamic control of the parameters of IP systems is a promising option for compensating for the effect of inductor displacements. This report addresses variants of dynamic control providing IP systems with a constant output power level regardless of coil displacements. Variants using dynamic control of capacitor values in the load circuit of class E PA are investigated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ben Dhaou, I., Ebrahimi, M., Ben Ammar, M., Bouattour, G., and Kanoun, O., "Edge devices for internet of medical things: Technologies, techniques, and implementation," Electronics, 10, No. 17, 2104-1–2104-20 (2021).

  2. Jourand, P. and Puers, R., "A class-E driven inductive power delivery system covering the complete upper body," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 183, 132–139 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Knecht, O. and Kolar, J. W., "Performance evaluation of series-compensated IPT systems for transcutaneous energy transfer," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 34, No. 1, 438–451 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hong, S., Jeong, S., Lee, S., Sim, B., Kim, H., and Kim, J., "Low EMF design of cochlear implant wireless power transfer system using a shielding coil," in: 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility & Signal/Power Integrity (EMCSI) (2020), pp. 623–625.

  5. Sivaji, V., Grasse, D. W., Hays, S. A., Bucksot, J. E., Saini, R., Kilgard, M. P., and Rennaker II, R. L., "ReStore: A wireless peripheral nerve stimulation system," J. Neurosci. Meth., 320, 26–36 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Liu, H., Shao, Q., and Fang, X., "Modeling and optimization of class-E amplifier at subnominal condition in a wireless power transfer system for biomedical implants," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., 11, No. 1, 35–43 (2017).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Popovic, Z. and Garcia, J. A., "Microwave class-E power amplifiers: A brief review of essential concepts in highfrequency class-E PAs and related circuits," IEEE Microwave Magazine, 19, No. 5, 54–66 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Yang, T. L., Zhao, C. Y., and Chen, D. Y., "Feedback analysis and design of inductive power links driven by Class-E amplifiers with variable coupling coefficients," J. Zhejiang Univ., SCIENCE, 11, No. 8, 629–636 (2010).

  9. Yang, T., Zhao, C., and Chen, D., "Feedback analysis of transcutaneous energy transmission with a variable load parameter," ETRI J., 32, No. 4, 548–554 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hwang, S. H., Kang, C. G., Son, Y. H., and Jang, B. J., "Software-based wireless power transfer platform for various power control experiments," Energies, 8, No. 8, 7677–7689 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tang, K., Yang, H., Xie, H., and Cao, Y., "Small-signal modeling for adaptive closed-loop control in two-coil wireless power system," in: 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), March 15–19, 2020 (2020), pp. 3120–3124.

  12. Tasneem, N. T., Biswas, D. K., and Mahbub, I., "A CMOS closed-loop miniaturized wireless power transfer system for brain implant applications," Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 105, No. 3, 335–345 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Stoecklin, S., Yousaf, A., Gidion, G., Reindl, L., and Rupitsch, S. J., "Simultaneous power feedback and maximum efficiency point tracking for miniaturized RF wireless power transfer systems," Sensors, 21, No. 6, 2023-1–2023-28 (2021).

  14. Mindubaev, E. A., Selyutina, E. V., and Danilov, A. A., "Tuning of class E power amplifier for compensating the effect of the receiver coil implantation depth on the operation of a wireless transcutaneous energy transfer system," Biomed. Eng., 54, No. 4, 258–261 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Selyutina, E. V. and Mindubaev, E. A., "Effects of class E power amplifier parameters on output power of inductive wireless power transfer system with capacitive tuning," in: 2021 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ElConRus) (2021), pp. 2874–2878.

  16. Carta, R., Thoné, J., Gosset, G., Cogels, G., Flandre, D., and Puers, R., "A self-tuning inductive powering system for biomedical implants," Procedia Engineering, 25, 1585–1588 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Suetsugu, T., Wei, X., Kuga, S., and Oyama, N., "Switched capacitor discrete control of class e amplifier to achieve nominal operation," IEEJ J. Industry Appl., 4, No. 4, 402–408 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Trigui, A., Hached, S., Mounaim, F., Ammari, A. C., and Sawan, M., "Inductive power transfer system with selfcalibrated primary resonant frequency," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 30, No. 11, 6078–6087 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kong, F., Huang, Y., and Najafizadeh, L., "A coil misalignment compensation concept for wireless power transfer links in biomedical implants," in: 2015 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC) (2015), pp. 1–4 (2015).

  20. Hirayama, K., Furukawa, Y., Shirakawa, T., Suetsugu, T., Maruta, H., and Kurokawa, F., "Switched capacitor discrete control of voltage dividing class E amplifier to achieve sub nominal operation," in: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) (2017), pp. 714–718.

  21. Huang, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., and Liu, R., "Design of WPT RF power supply based on dual directional coupler and capacitor array impedance matching network," IEEE Access, 8, 68209–68218 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Issi, F. and Kaplan, O., "Design and application of wireless power transfer using Class-E inverter based on adaptive impedance-matching network," ISA Trans., 126, 415–427 (2022).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia

    E. V. Selyutina, É.A. Mindubaev & A. A. Danilov

Authors
  1. E. V. Selyutina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. É.A. Mindubaev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. A. Danilov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to É.A. Mindubaev.

Additional information

Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, Vol. 57, No. 2, March–April, 2023, pp. 43–47.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Selyutina, E.V., Mindubaev, É. & Danilov, A.A. Dynamic Control of the Output Characteristics of an Inductive Power Supply System for Implants with a Class E Power Amplifier. Biomed Eng 57, 137–142 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10527-023-10285-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10527-023-10285-9

Search

Navigation