Abstract
Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been introduced widely for biological control of agricultural pests. Harmonia axyridis has established in four continents outside of its native range in Asia and it is considered an invasive alien species (IAS). Despite a large body of work on invasion ecology, establishment mechanisms of IAS and their interactions with natural enemies remain open questions. Parasites, defined as multicellular organisms that do not directly kill the host, could potentially play an important role in regulating host populations. This study presents a review of the parasites of H. axyridis, discussing their distributions and effects on host populations across the host’s native and invasive range. These parasites are: Hesperomyces virescens Thaxt. fungi, Coccipolipus hippodamiae (McDaniel and Morrill) mites, and Parasitylenchus bifurcatus Poinar and Steenberg nematodes.
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Acknowledgments
This manuscript has greatly benefited from various contributions of many researchers, collaborators, citizen scientists, and friends. Specifically, we thank: Robin M. Giblin-Davis (University of Florida, USA) for nematode-technical advice; Audrey A. Grez (Universidad de Chile) and Tania Zaviezo (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile) for the identification confirmation of the Argentine ladybird; Christopher Chen (Harvard College), Timothy Y. James (University of Michigan), and Tamara Szentiványi (University of Lausanne) for sharing data; Wendy Derjue-Holzer for collecting ladybirds at her parents’ house; and Bruce C. Bolin, Larry Clarfeld, John Friel, Michel Gomez, Anita Gould, David LaMason, Robert Pilla, Luciano Richino, and Christian Schwarz for their attentiveness to spot and photograph ladybirds infected with H. virescens. DH and SYZ acknowledge substantial curatorial support from James H. Boone (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA), Donald S. Chandler (University of New Hampshire), Brian D. Farrell and Philip Perkins (Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology), Lee H. Herman (American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA), Jean-Philippe Légaré and Joseph Moisan-De Serres (Collection d’insectes du Québec at MAPAQ), Hong-bin Liang and Meiying Lin (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China), Shinya Miyano (Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan), Shuhei Nomura (National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan), Mark F. O’Brien (University of Michigan Museum of Zoology), Shigehiko Shiyake (Osaka Museum of Natural History, Japan), Genevieve E. Tocci (Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University), and Natalia J. Vandenberg (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution). DH acknowledges funding of the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University and the American Museum of Natural History (New York, USA). Thanks are due to Andrew G. Howe and two anonymous reviewers for considerably improving the manuscript.
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Haelewaters, D., Zhao, S.Y., Clusella-Trullas, S. et al. Parasites of Harmonia axyridis: current research and perspectives. BioControl 62, 355–371 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-016-9766-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-016-9766-8
Keywords
- Coccipolipus hippodamiae
- Enemy release hypothesis
- Harmonia axyridis
- Hesperomyces virescens
- Parasites
- Parasitylenchus bifurcatus