Abstract
Sixteen pesticides including two fungicides were evaluated for toxicity to adult Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Percentage mortality data were evaluated to generally assess IPM-compatibility of the pesticides with adult parasitoids. The following were found to be least compatible with (most toxic to) adult T. radiata based on the toxicity of direct sprays and potential long residual life on leaves: carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, and fenpropathrin. Although highly toxic to the parasitoid as direct sprays or freshly dried residues, each of the following was more compatible with T. radiata because the toxicity of residues of these pesticides was either low at one to three days after application or relatively non-persistent: abamectin, chenopodium oil, fenpyroximate, and spirotetramat. Depending on environmental conditions, imidacloprid (foliar-applied), phosmet, pyridaben, sulfur and 435 spray oil might also be somewhat more compatible for the same reasons. The pesticides that consistently appeared to be most compatible with T. radiata were aluminum tris, copper hydroxide, diflubenzuron, and kaolin clay (Surround WP).
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Matt Hentz, Kathy Moulton, and Anthea Diamondis (USDA-ARS) for their invaluable assistance during this research. Daniel Flores (USDA-APHIS) critically reviewed an early draft of the manuscript. This research was funded in-part by a grant from the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Committee. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.
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Hall, D.G., Nguyen, R. Toxicity of pesticides to Tamarixia radiata, a parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid. BioControl 55, 601–611 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-010-9283-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-010-9283-0