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Side-effects of organic and synthetic pesticides on cold-stored diapausing prepupae of Trichogramma cordubensis

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Abstract

The side-effects of three insecticides (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) and one fungicide (basic copper sulphate) were tested on cold-stored diapausing prepupae of Trichogramma cordubensis Vargas and Cabello (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Pesticides were directly sprayed on parasitized host eggs (being the diapausing parasitoids in the prepupal stage) after cold storage (3°C) for three different periods (60, 120 and 180 days). Regardless of the period of cold storage, both pyrethroids reduced the emergence rates of T. cordubensis (both <25%) compared to the control (emergence varied from 83% to 89%). The most toxic pyrethroid was lambda-cyhalothrin; Trichogramma cordubensis adult emergence varied from 7% to 15%. Lambda-cyhalothrin also negatively affected the longevity and fecundity of parasitoids cold stored for 60 days. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki and basic copper sulphate had little or no adverse effect on emergence rates (generally >80%), longevity nor fecundity of T. cordubensis, indicating that these pesticides could be successfully integrated into pest management programs using wasps that were cold stored under diapause. Such integration would be valuable to pest management programs by reducing the costs of T. cordubensis mass rearing and by allowing producers to stockpile parasitoids for release in the growing season. However, since the emergence rate, longevity and fecundity of T. cordubensis generally decreased with increasing duration in cold storage, wasps to be used in integrated pest management programs should only be stored at 3°C for 60 days maximum.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers and the co-ordinating editor for their constructive comments and Dr. Luís Cunha for the helpful guidance on the statistical analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal

    Patrícia Ventura Garcia & Luísa M. Oliveira

  2. Centro de Educação ambiental da Ribeira Grande, Ribeira Grande, Portugal

    Nuno Pereira

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  1. Patrícia Ventura Garcia
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  2. Nuno Pereira
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  3. Luísa M. Oliveira
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Correspondence to Patrícia Ventura Garcia.

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Handling Editor: Sam Cook.

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Garcia, P.V., Pereira, N. & Oliveira, L.M. Side-effects of organic and synthetic pesticides on cold-stored diapausing prepupae of Trichogramma cordubensis . BioControl 54, 451–458 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-008-9186-5

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