Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering (2023) 21:3297–3320

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01677-z

FormalPara Acknowledgements

The authors also appreciate the support by İTÜ BAP (Istanbul Technical University Scientific Research Projects Department).

FormalPara Funding

This study was also funded by the İTÜ BAP Project under the grant number MGA-2018-41122 and title “Determination of Nonlinear Behavior of Piles Buried in Sand Soils Under Earthquake Loads using Soil-Structure Interaction Program”.