Abstract
This article presents a set of ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for shallow crustal and upper mantle earthquakes in Japan with site period TS (four times the travel time of shear-waves vertically propagated down to the bedrock) as site parameter using a strong-motion dataset from Japan for shallow crustal and upper mantle earthquakes. We used a two-segmented magnitude-scaling function for the source effect, a set of simple geometric attenuation functions for the path effect, and a simplified transfer function of a single degree of freedom oscillator for the site period resonant effect. Because boreholes at some K-NET stations did not reach the bedrock within 20 m, we separated K-NET sites into two groups, with one group having reached bedrock, referred to as GE760 sites, and the others referred to as LT760 sites. We used the apparent site periods calculated using the borehole depth for LT760 sites and derived a GMPE for all sites. Using the between-site residuals, we estimated the site period shortfall, ∆TS, for each LT760 site and obtained the site periods accounting for the soil layers between the borehole depth and the possible bedrock depth. The modified site period equals the apparent site period plus the ∆TS for the LT760 sites. We developed a TS model using the new site period and achieved a significant increase in the maximum log-likelihood at spectral periods over 0.3 s. The TS model produces a continuous and smoothly varying response spectrum versus site period and has a smaller variability for long-period sites at long spectral periods. We compared the model predictions and model standard deviations from this study to a few other GMPEs for shallow crustal earthquakes, and the differences in the predictions among these GMPEs are considerable.
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Acknowledgements
This work used the strong-motion records and site data from K-NET and KiK-net, administered by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention of Japan (https://www.kyoshin.bosai.go.jp/) and some strong-motion records from the PEER strong-motion database (http://peer.berkeley.edu/). We acknowledge the large effort by NIED and PEER to develop these datasets. We wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments which significantly improved the quality and readability of this paper.
Funding
The work reported in this article is partially supported by research grants from the National Science Foundation of China (51878396, 52178509) and by a special grant from Shandong Jianzhu University and Xihua University (Z222078).
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Hou, R., Zhao, J.X. Ground motion prediction equations for the horizontal component from shallow crustal and upper mantle earthquakes in Japan using site period as site parameter. Bull Earthquake Eng 22, 763–794 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01796-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01796-7