Abstract
Compared with traditional buckling-restrained brace (BRB), the steel-angle-assembled buckling-restrained brace (SAA-BRB) is an innovative BRB with light-weight, accurate control of the geometrical dimensions, easy installation, and convenient disassembly. The SAA-BRB comprises an external restraining system and a cruciform-sectional inner core. Four steel angles assemble the external restraining system with the connection of high-strength bolts, and the spacers are installed between the inner core and the restraining system. In this study, the hysteretic behavior of SAA-BRB was investigated by experiments and finite element (FE) simulations. Firstly, three SAA-BRB specimens with different restraining ratios were tested under cyclic loads to investigate the hysteretic performance. It was found that all specimens exhibited stable responses and satisfactory energy-dissipating capabilities during the whole loading process. Then, a refined FE model was established, and the experiments verified its validity in predicting the hysteretic responses of SAA-BRB. Moreover, based on the yielding criteria of the outmost fiber for the restraining member section, a design formula for the restraining ratio requirements to avoid global buckling of the SAA-BRB was deduced. Finally, extensive parametric analysis was conducted to verify the accuracy of the design formula by changing the geometric dimensions (the restraining ratio) of models. It was found that the proposed formula for the restraining ratio requirement could lead to a conservative prediction with reasonable accuracy, thus providing valuable references for the global buckling design of SAA-BRBs in engineering practice.
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Abbreviations
- A 1 :
-
Cross-sectional area of a single steel angle
- A 0 :
-
Cross-sectional area of the external restraining system
- A c :
-
Cross-sectional area of the steel core
- b :
-
Width of yield segment of the inner core
- b a :
-
Length of the steel angle flange
- b 1 :
-
Width of strengthened segment of the inner core
- E :
-
Young’s modulus
- f yr :
-
Yield stress of the external restraining system
- f yc :
-
Yield stress of the inner steel core
- F y :
-
Yield load of the specimen
- F max :
-
Maximum load of the specimen
- g :
-
Gap size between the steel core and restraining system
- h ar :
-
Distance between the edge of restraining system and the bolts circle center
- H :
-
Height of frame connected with the BRB
- I 0 :
-
Moment of inertia regarding the external restraining system as a whole
- I 1 :
-
Moment of inertia of a single steel angle
- K i :
-
Axial secant stiffness
- l :
-
Length of SAA-BRB
- l 0 :
-
Length of the restraining system
- l y :
-
Length of yield segment of the inner core
- l u :
-
Length of unrestrained segment of the inner core
- l t :
-
Length of transition segment of the inner core
- l s :
-
Length of strengthened segment of the inner core
- ∆l y :
-
Axial deformation of the BRB
- ∆ y :
-
Yield displacement of the specimen
- ∆ max :
-
Maximum displacement of the specimen
- + ∆ i :
-
Displacement corresponding to tensile peak point at i-th hysteretic cycle
- − ∆ i :
-
Displacement corresponding to compressive peak point at i-th hysteretic cycle
- l 1 :
-
Bolts spacing along the longitudinal direction
- L :
-
Length of frame connected with BRB
- M max :
-
Maximum bending moment at mid-span of the restraining system
- P cr :
-
Euler buckling load of BRB
- P cr,0 :
-
Euler buckling load of the external restraining system of ordinary BRB
- P cr,c :
-
Euler buckling load of the inner core
- P cr,r :
-
Euler buckling load of the external restraining system of SAA-BRB
- P y :
-
Yield load of the inner core
- P cmax :
-
Load corresponding to compressive peak point of the hysteretic curve
- P tmax :
-
Load corresponding to tensile peak point of the hysteretic curve
- + P i :
-
Load corresponding to tensile peak point at i-th hysteretic cycle
- − P i :
-
Load corresponding to compressive peak point at i-th hysteretic cycle
- S (ABC + CDA) :
-
Area enclosed by a single hysteretic curve and the abscissa
- S (OBE + ODF) :
-
Triangle area enclosed by a dotted line and the abscissa
- t :
-
Thickness of the inner core
- t a :
-
Thickness of steel angle
- v 0 :
-
Amplitude of the initial geometrical imperfection of the SAA-BRB
- v max :
-
Lateral maximum deformation at mid-span of the restraining system
- W :
-
Plastic section modulus of the external restraining system of SAA-BRB
- ω :
-
Reduction factor of global buckling load of external restraining system
- ζ :
-
Restraining ratio
- [ζ]:
-
Restraining ratio requirements
- λ 0 :
-
Slenderness ratio regarding the external restraining system as a whole
- λ 1 :
-
Slenderness ratio of a segment of single chord member
- σ max :
-
Maximum normal stress of the external restraining system
- λ c :
-
Slenderness ratio of the inner core
- α :
-
Angle between the BRB and its connected frame beam
- [ε c]:
-
Maximum axial strain requirement of the BRB
- φ :
-
Ratio of the inner core yield segment length to BRB length
- β :
-
Compression strength adjustment factor
- ξ eq :
-
Equivalent viscous damping ratio
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Funding
This study has been supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52108180) and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LQ21E080018).
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Tong, JZ., Zhang, EY., Guo, YL. et al. Cyclic experiments and global buckling design of steel-angle-assembled buckling-restrained braces. Bull Earthquake Eng 20, 5107–5133 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01389-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01389-w