Abstract
This paper presents the effects of October 30, 2020 Samos-Aegean Sea earthquake on hydraulic structures, lifelines and industrial facilities which mainly located in the western cost of Turkey, within the borders of Izmir and Aydin Cities. These two highly populated cities are known for their importance in contributing country’s economics by their industrialized areas. In addition, Izmir is the third largest city of Turkey with its high seismic hazard zone. Although some disruptions in the aftermath of the earthquake were occurred in gas and electricity services, these issues immediately identified, and all systems were managed to reoperate. Damages to the infrastructures were mainly due to the collapse of buildings and tsunami effects. No significant damages were reported on lifeline systems, large industrial facilities, and dams due to relatively low shaking intensity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Modified from Ates et al. (2019)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AFAD (2020) Earthquake Department of Disaster and Emergency Management Authority. http://www.deprem.gov.tr
ALA (2001) Seismic fragility formulations for water systems. American Lifelines Alliance. https://www.americanlifelinesalliance.com/
ASKI (2020) Aydin water and sewerage administration, ASKI. http://www.aydinaski.gov.tr/
Ates E, Kuru T, Aydın RK (2019) Deprem kayıtları kullanılarak Muğla-Milas Derince barajının dinamik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5(2):319–338. https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.542314
Bayraktar A, Kartal ME, Basaga HB (2009) Reservoir water effects on earthquake performance evaluation of Torul Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dam. Water Sci Eng 2(1):43–57. https://doi.org/10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2009.01.00
Bozkurt E, Oberhänsli R (2001) Menderes Massif (Western Turkey): structural, metamorphic and magmatic evolution a synthesis. Int J Earth Sci 89:679–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005310000173
Brinkmann R (1972) Mesozoic troughs and crustal structure in Anatolia. Geol Soc America Bull 83:819–826. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[819:MTACSI]2.0.CO;2
Brinkmann R (1976) Geology of Turkey: Enke Verlag, Stuttgart
Cetin K, Isik NS, Batmaz S, Karabiber S (2005) A comparative study on the actual and estimated seismic response of Kiralkizi Dam in Turkey. J Earthq Eng 9(4):445–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460509350550
Cetin K, Mylonakis G, Sextos A, Stewart J (2021) Seismological and engineering effects of the M 7.0 Samos Island (Aegean Sea) Earthquake. https://doi.org/10.18118/G6H088
DSI, Personal communication 2020 through Faik Cuceoglu and Seckin Aydın.
ELER v3.0 (2010) Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine, Bogazici University, Department of Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul. https://eqe.boun.edu.tr/en/eler-tool, PGV Map: https://eqe.boun.edu.tr/en/30-october-2020-1451-aegean-sea-Izmir-mw69-ml66-earthquake-preliminary-assessment
Erdogan B (1990) Tectonic relations between Izmir-Ankara Zone and Karaburun Belt. Bull. Miner. Res. Explor. Foreign Ed. 110, 1–16. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bulletinofmre/issue/3929/52270
Eskisar T, Kuruoglu M, Altun S, Ozyalın S, Yılmaz RH (2014) Site response of deep alluvial deposits in the northern coast of Izmir Bay (Turkey) and a microzonation study based on geotechnical aspects. Eng Geol 172:95–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.01.006
ETKB (2020) Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. https://www.enerji.gov.tr/
GDZ (2020) 30 October 2020 Izmir Earthquake Report, GDZ EDAS (Electricity Distribution Inc.) Head Office
Izmirgaz (2020) Izmirgaz. https://www.izmirgaz.com.tr/
IZSU (2020) Izmir Water and Sewerage Administration, IZSU. https://www.izsu.gov.tr/
O’Rourke M, Ayala G (1993) Pipeline damage due to wave propagation. J Geotech Eng (US) 119:9. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1993)119:9(1490)
O’Rourke M, Deyoe E (2004) Seismic damage to segmented buried pipe. Earthq Spectra 20(4):1167–1183. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1808143
O’Rourke TD, Jeon SS, Toprak S, Cubrinovski M, Hughes M, Van Ballegooy S, Bouziou D (2014) Earthquake response of underground pipeline networks in Christchurch, NZ. Earthq Spectra 30:183–204. https://doi.org/10.1193/030413EQS062M
Pamuk E, Ozdag OC, Akgun M (2018) Soil characterization of Bornova Plain (Izmir, Turkey) and its surroundings using a combined survey of MASW and ReMi methods and Nakamura’s (HVSR) technique. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78:3023–3035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1293-7
Saberi M, Annan CD, Konrad JM (2019) Seismic response analysis of face slabs in concrete face rockfill dams. J Earthq Eng. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2019.1666756
Toprak S, Nacaroglu E, Koc AC, O’Rourke TD, Hamada M, Cubrinovski M, Van Ballegooy S (2018) Comparison of horizontal ground displacements in Avonside area, Christchurch from air photo, LiDAR and satellite measurements regarding pipeline damage assessment. Bull Earthq Eng 16:4497–4514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0317-9
Toprak S, Nacaroglu E, Van Ballegooy S, Koc AC, Jacka M, Manav Y, Torvelainen Y, O’Rourke TD (2019) Segmented pipeline damage predictions using liquefaction vulnerability parameters, Soil Dyn. Earthq, Volume 125, 2019, ISSN 0267-7261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105758
Uckan E (2012) Lifeline damage caused in the 23 October (Mw = 7.2) 2011 and 9 November (M = 5.6) 2011, Van earthquakes in eastern Turkey. In: Sixth China-Japan-US trilateral symposium on lifeline earthquake engineering. ASCE, Chengdu, China
Acknowledgements
The authors express their gratitude to Sefa Piskinleblebici, the Deputy General Manager of Electricity Distribution Incorporation (GDZ EDAS) for providing all necessary information in writing this journal article. Special thanks are also extended to the devoted employees of ASKI, DSI, EGEGAZ, IZSU, IZMIRGAZ and TEIAS for their kind collaboration.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Toprak, S., Uckan, M.E., Yilmaz, M.T. et al. Performance of hydraulic structures, lifelines and industrial structures during October 30, 2020 Samos-Aegean sea earthquake. Bull Earthquake Eng 20, 7907–7931 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01353-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01353-8