Abstract
The overlapping displacement fields among closely spaced piles termed as pile-to-pile interactions, increase the overall settlement of pile groups. Resultantly, under static loading, these interactions invariably decrease the group stiffness of piles than the collective stiffnesses of corresponding single piles. Whereas under dynamic loading, the group stiffness may increase or decrease than the cumulative stiffnesses of single piles depending on the loading frequency. As soil exhibits nonlinear behaviour under strong motions, in addition to the consideration for soil nonlinearity to obtain the response of piles, nonlinearity generated at the interface between the soil and pile needs to be appropriately considered as it can significantly change the response of piles. To assess the influence of mentioned nonlinearities on the vertical pile-to-pile interaction factors, a scale model test on closely spaced piles is carried out under 1 g conditions. At very low loading amplitudes wherein soil exhibits close-to-elastic behaviour, the experimental interactions are drastically smaller than those obtained from closed-form solutions assuming soil as an elastic material, highlighting the influence of soil-pile interface nonlinearity. Under higher loading amplitudes, results indicate that the increased nonlinearities strengthen the amplitude dependency of interactions. To minutely assess the effects of soil-pile interface nonlinearity on the response, three-dimensional nonlinear finite element modelling (FEM) is carried out. Results obtained from FEM considering soil and soil-pile interface nonlinearities validate the experimental results well. Whereas, assuming soil as an elastic material leads to a noticeable reduction in interactions due to stiffnesses of neighbouring piles; interactions get further reduced when the number of adjacent piles increases.
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Zafar, U., Goit, C.S. & Saitoh, M. Experimental and numerical investigations on vertical dynamic pile-to-pile interactions considering soil and interface nonlinearities. Bull Earthquake Eng 20, 3117–3142 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01186-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01186-x