Abstract
Fragility functions are fundamental for the assessment of seismic safety of structures or the loss assessment of a portfolio of assets. The present paper describes a procedure to derive fragility functions representative of Portuguese reinforced concrete precast buildings. This goal was achieved following an analytical methodology considering the result of hundreds of nonlinear static analyses, whose building models reflect both mechanical and geometrical characteristics of the Portuguese industrial building stock. Considering the specificities of this typology, and in particular the connections between the structural members, a recently developed macro-element was employed, which enables the explicit simulation of friction and dowel mechanisms. The fragility analyses considered both structural and non-structural limit states, and the findings indicate a poor seismic performance, even under low seismic demand.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
17 June 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01158-1
References
Babič A, Dolšek M (2016) Seismic fragility functions of industrial precast building classes. Eng Struct 118:357–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.069
Batalha N, Rodrigues H, Varum H (2019) Seismic performance of RC precast industrial buildings—learning with the past earthquakes. Innov Infrastruct Solut 4:4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-018-0191-y
Beilic D, Casotto C, Nascimbene R, Cicola D, Rodrigues D (2017) Seismic fragility curves of single storey RC precast structures by comparing different Italian codes. Earthq Struct 12(3):359–374. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.3.359
Belleri A, Brunesi E, Nascimbene R, Pagani M, Riva P (2014) Seismic performance of precast industrial facilities following major earthquakes in the Italian territory. J Perform Constr Facil 29:40
Belleri A, Brunesi E, Nascimbene R, Pagani M, Riva P (2015) Seismic performance of precast industrial facilities following major earthquakes in the Italian territory. J Perform Constr Facil 29(5):04014135. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000617
Belleri A, Torquati M, Marini A, Riva P (2016) Horizontal cladding panels: in-plane seismic performance in precast concrete buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 14(4):1103–1129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9861-8
Bellotti D, Bolognini D, Nascimbene R (2009) Response of traditional RC precast structures under cyclic loading. https://doi.org/10.3383/es.2.2.1
Bournas D, Negro P, Taucer FF (2013) Performance of industrial buildings during the Emilia earthquakes in Northern Italy and recommendations for their strengthening. Bull Earthq Eng 12(5):2383–2404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9466-z
Bournas DA, Negro P, Taucer FF (2014) Performance of industrial buildings during the Emilia earthquakes in Northern Italy and recommendations for their strengthening. Bull Earthq Eng 12(5):2383–2404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9466-z
Braconi A, Osta A, Dall’Astra A, Leoni G, Möller S, Hoffmeister B, Karamanos S, Varelis G, Alderighi E, Coscetti C, Salvatore W, Gracia J, Bayo E, Mallardo R, Bianco L, Filipuzzi P, Vasilikis D, Tsintzos P, Estanislau S et al (2013) Prefabricated steel structures for low-rise buildings in seismic areas (Precasteel). Brussels
Brunesi E, Nascimbene R, Bolognini D, Bellotti D (2015) Experimental investigation of the cyclic response of reinforced precast concrete framed structures. PCI J 1:5. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.03012015.57.79
Casotto C (2013) Seismic vulnerability of Italian RC precast industrial structures, p 68
Casotto C, Silva V, Crowley H, Pinho R, Nascimbene R (2014) Scenario damage analysis of RC precast industrial structures in Tuscany, Italy. In: Second European conference on earthquake engineering and seismology, 2014, pp 1–12. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1725.5683
Casotto C, Silva V, Crowley H, Nascimbene R, Pinho R (2015) Seismic fragility of Italian RC precast industrial structures. Eng Struct 94:122–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.02.034
Chastre C, Lúcio V (2012) Estruturas Pré‐moldadas no Mundo—Aplicações e Comportamento Estrutural, Fundação d
Cornali F, Belleri A, Marini A, Riva P (2017) Influence of modelling assumptions in the expected loss evaluation of a precast industrial building. Procedia Eng 199:3510–3515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.499
Crowley H, Pinho R, Bommer J (2004a) A probabilistic displacement-based vulnerability assessment procedure for earthquake loss estimation. Bull Earthq Eng 2:173–219
Crowley H, Pinho RUI, Bommer JJ (2004) A probabilistic displacement-based vulnerability assessment procedure for earthquake loss estimation, pp 173–219
Crowley H, Despotaki V, Rodrigues D, Silva V, Toma-Danila D, Riga E, Karatzetzou A, Zugic Z, Sousa L, Ozcebe S, Gamba P (2020) Exposure model for European seismic risk assessment. Earthq Spectra. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293020919429
Dal Lago B, Silvia L, Fabio B (2019) Diaphragm effectiveness of precast concrete structures with cladding panels under seismic action. Bull Earthq Eng 17(1):473–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0452-3
Erberik MA (2008) Fragility-based assessment of typical mid-rise and low-rise RC buildings in Turkey. Eng Struct 30(5):1360–1374
Fajfar P (1999) Capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand spectra. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 28(9):979–993. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199909)28:9%3c979:AID-EQE850%3e3.0.CO;2-1
Fischinger M, Kramar M, Isakovic T (2008) Cyclic response of slender RC columns typical of precast industrial buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 6:519–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9064-7
Furtado A, Costa C, Arêde A, Rodrigues H (2016) Geometric characterisation of Portuguese RC buildings with masonry infill walls. Eur J Environ Civ Eng 20(4):396–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2015.1039660
Kent DC, Park R (1971) Flexural members with confined concrete. J Struct Div 97(7):1969–1990
Liberatore L, Sorrentino L, Liberatore D, Decanini L (2013) Failure of industrial structures induced by the Emilia (Italy) 2012 earthquakes. Eng Fail Anal 34:629–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.02.009
Magliulo G, Ercolino M, Petrone C, Coppola O, Manfredi G (2014a) The Emilia earthquake: seismic performance of precast reinforced concrete buildings. Earthq Spectra 30(2):891–912. https://doi.org/10.1193/091012EQS285M
Magliulo G, Ercolino M, Cimmino M, Capozzi V, Manfredi G (2014b) FEM analysis of the strength of RC beam-to-column dowel connections under monotonic actions. Constr Build Mater 69:271–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.036
Magliulo G, Ercolino M, Manfredi G (2015) Influence of cladding panels on the first period of one-story precast buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 13(5):1531–1555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9657-2
McKenna F (2011) OpenSees: a framework for earthquake engineering simulation. Comput Sci Eng 13(4):58–66. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2011.66
Menegotto M, Pinto PE (1973) Method of analysis for cyclically loaded reinforced concrete plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behaviour of elements under combined normal force and bending. In: IABSE symposium of resistance and ultimate deformability of structures acted on by well-defined repeated loads, vol 13. International Association of Bridge and Structural Engineering, pp 5–22
NP EN 1992-1-1:2010. Eurocode 2: design of concrete structures-part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings. Instituto Português da Qualidade
Ozerdem A, Barakat S (2000) After the Marmara earthquake: lessons for avoiding short cuts to disasters. Third World Q 21(3):425–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590050057717
Priestley M, Calvi M, Kowalsky M (2007) Displacement-based seismic design of structures. Pavia
Rodrigues D, Crowley H, Silva V (2018) Earthquake loss assessment of precast RC industrial structures in Tuscany (Italy). Bull Earthq Eng 16(1):203–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0195-6
Rodrigues H, Sousa R, Vitorino H, Batalha N, Varum H, Fernandes P (2020) Characterisation of Portuguese RC precast industrial building stock. Adv Civ Eng 2020:7517205. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7517205
Romão X, Costa AA, Paupério E, Rodrigues H, Vicente R, Varum H, Costa A (2013) Field observations and interpretation of the structural performance of constructions after the 11 May 2011 Lorca earthquake. Eng Fail Anal 34:670–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.01.040
RSA (1983) Regulamento de Segurança e Acções para Estruturas de Edifícios e Pontes - Decreto-Lei n.o 235/83
Scott RPBD, Priestley MJN (1982) Stress–strain behavior of concrete confined by overlapping hoops at low and high strain rates. J Proc 79(1):13–27. https://doi.org/10.14359/10875
Senel SM, Kayhan AH (2010) Fragility based damage assesment in existing precast industrial buildings: a case study for Turkey. Struct. Eng Mech 34(1):39–60. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2010.34.1.039
Sezen H, Whittaker A (2006) Seismic performance of industrial facilities affected by the 1999 Turkey earthquake. J Perform Constr Facil 20:28–36
Silva V, Crowley H, Varum H, Pinho R, Sousa L (2015) Investigation of the characteristics of Portuguese regular moment-frame RC buildings and development of a vulnerability model. Bull Earthq Eng 13(5):1455–1490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9669-y
Sousa R, Almeida JP, Correia AA, Pinho R, Modelling FF (2018) Shake table blind prediction tests: contributions for improved fiber-based frame modelling. J Earthq Eng 00(00):1–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2018.1466743
Sousa R, Batalha N, Rodrigues H (2020) Numerical simulation of beam-to-column connections in precast reinforced concrete buildings using fibre-based frame models. Eng Struct 203:109845
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028439 —“SeismisPRECAST Seismic performance ASSessment of existing Precast Industrial buildings and development of Innovative Retrofitting sustainable solutions” funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES. The second author acknowledged to FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia namely through the PhD grant with reference SFRH/BD/139723/2018.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sousa, R., Batalha, N., Silva, V. et al. Seismic fragility functions for Portuguese RC precast buildings. Bull Earthquake Eng 19, 6573–6590 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-01007-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-01007-7