Abstract
An economic type of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) to allow long spans and large capacities, the reduced-core-length BRBs (RCL-BRBs) are formed by sequentially assembling ordinary BRBs (yield portions) and ordinary braces (elastic portions) with high-strength bolts. This paper presents design recommendations for the global stability of the RCL-BRBs via theoretical and numerical investigations. In the analysis, the interaction between the yield and elastic portions of the RCL-BRBs is considered. First, the RCL-BRBs were classified into six types according to their compositions (the yield portion at one end, mid-span or both ends) and joint types (rigid or semi-rigid joint). Second, formulas for predictions of the elastic buckling loads of the RCL-BRBs were theoretically derived, and were verified by performing finite element (FE) eigenvalue buckling analyses. To investigate the nonlinear behavior of the RCL-BRBs, FE models considering both geometrical and material nonlinearities were built and calibrated with existing hysteretic tests of the RCL-BRBs. Then, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of the geometrical parameters on the global stability behavior of the RCL-BRBs. Finally, based on the numerical results, the restraining ratio design requirements corresponding to the different types of RCL-BRBs were proposed to prevent their global buckling under axial compressive loads. Moreover, recommendations on the connection types between the yield and elastic portions of the RCL-BRBs are provided by analyzing a number of numerical examples.
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Abbreviations
- Ac, Ae, Ar :
-
Cross-sectional area of the RCL-BRB components
- dc, de, dr :
-
Tube diameter of the RCL-BRB components
- E :
-
Young’s modulus
- E t :
-
Tangent modulus after initial yielding
- fyc, fye, fyr :
-
Yield stress of the RCL-BRB components
- Ic, Ie, Ir :
-
Moment of inertia of the RCL-BRB components
- k :
-
Elastic buckling coefficient
- koe, kms, kbe :
-
Elastic buckling coefficient of RCL-BRB with its yield portion at one end, at mid-span or at both ends
- L :
-
Length of RCL-BRB
- l e :
-
Elastic portion length
- l y :
-
Yield portion length
- P max :
-
Maximum compressive load of the core
- P cr :
-
Elastic buckling load of RCL-BRB
- P cr,0 :
-
Euler buckling load of RCL-BRB with full-length yield portion section
- Pcr,oe, Pcr,ms, Pcr,be :
-
Elastic buckling load of RCL-BRB with its yield portion at one end, at mid-span or at both ends
- P y :
-
Initial yield load of the core
- R y :
-
Strain hardening factor of the core
- tc, te, tr :
-
Tube thickness of the RCL-BRB components
- α :
-
Yield portion length factor
- δ bm :
-
Axial displacement corresponding to the design drift angle
- δ yc :
-
Yield displacement of the core
- ε eq :
-
Equivalent axial strain of RCL-BRB
- ε yc :
-
Yield strain of the core
- η I :
-
Moment of inertia coefficient of RCL-BRB
- ζ :
-
Restraining ratio
- [ζ]:
-
Restraining ratio requirement
- ζ oe , ζ ms , ζ be :
-
Restraining ratios of RCL-BRBs with their yield portions at one end, at mid-span and at both ends
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Acknowledgements
This study has been supported by research grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC0701201 and 2016YFC0701204), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51678340) and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 8172025).
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Tong, JZ., Guo, YL., Pan, WH. et al. Global buckling prevention of reduced-core-length buckling-restrained braces: theoretical and numerical investigations. Bull Earthquake Eng 18, 1777–1804 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00768-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00768-0