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Numerical evaluation of seismic response of soft-story RC frames retrofitted with passive devices

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Abstract

This study presents a nonlinear modelling technique for reinforced concrete (RC) frames retrofitted with metallic yielding devices to predict the seismic response using a computer software OpenSees. The numerical model considers the axial–flexure interaction, shear force–displacement response and the bond-slip characteristics of the frame members. The predicted hysteretic response has been compared with the results of slow-cyclic testing. The validated numerical model is then used to predict the seismic response of a five-story RC frame with soft-story. Nonlinear cyclic pushover and dynamic analyses are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting scheme in enhancing the lateral strength and energy dissipation potential and in controlling the premature failure of the study frame. Analysis results showed significant improvement in the seismic response of RC frames with soft-story using the proposed retrofitting technique.

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Abbreviations

A g :

Gross cross sectional area

A s :

Area of batten plate

A st :

Area of transverse reinforcement

a :

Shear span

b :

Stiffness reduction factor

b x :

Width of column along x-directions

b xe :

Clear distance between angle sections along x-directions

b y :

Width of column along y-directions

b ye :

Clear distance between angle sections along y-directions

c :

Width of angle sections

d :

Effective depth

d b :

Diameter of main reinforcement bar

d c :

Depth of the column core

E s :

Elastic modulus

E ts :

Tension softening stiffness

\(f_{c}^{\prime }\) :

Concrete compressive strength of the adjoining connection member

f cc :

Confined concrete compressive stress

f co :

Unconfined concrete compressive stress

f pc :

Maximum compressive strength

f pcu :

Crushing strength

f t :

Tensile strength of concrete

f yt :

Transverse reinforcement yield stress

g :

Acceleration due to gravity

K :

Elastic stiffness of bond slip

K deg :

Stiffness of the shear spring

\(K_{deg}^{t}\) :

Unloading shear stiffness

K unload :

Bending stiffness degradation

k :

Strength degradation coefficient

L :

Column length

L p :

Plastic hinge length

M w :

Earthquake magnitude

M z :

Flexural strength

P :

Axial capacity

Q r :

Residual strength of CMD

Q rs :

Residual shear strength

Q u :

Ultimate strength of CMD

Q y :

Characteristic yield strength of CMD

Q yf :

Yield strength of flexural plate

Q ys :

Yield strength of shear plate

S :

Bond slip

S y :

Yield loaded-end bar slips

S u :

Ultimate loaded-end bar slips

s :

Centre-to-centre spacing of battens

s e :

Effective spacing of battens

s t :

Spacing of transverse reinforcement

V n :

Shear strength

V res :

Residual shear strength

V y :

Yield shear force

α :

Parameter used in the local bond-slip relation

δ b :

Buckling displacement of shear plate

δ r :

Fracture displacement of CMD

δ u :

Column deformation

δ ys :

Yield displacement of shear plate

δ yf :

Yield displacement of flexural plate

ε cc :

Confined strain

ε cu :

Ultimate confined strain

ε sc0 :

Strain at maximum compressive strength

ε scu :

Strain at crushing strength

γD :

Reloading cyclic stiffness degradation

γE :

Maximum energy dissipation under cyclic loading

γF :

Cyclic strength degradation

γK :

Un-loading cyclic stiffness degradation

λ :

Unloading slope and initial slope ratio

σ :

Bar stress

σ xe :

Effective lateral confining stress along y-directions

σ st :

Percentage of steel reinforcement in column

σ y :

Longitudinal reinforcement yield stress

σ ye :

Effective lateral confining stress along y-directions

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Romanbabu M. Oinam & Dipti Ranjan Sahoo

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  1. Romanbabu M. Oinam
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  2. Dipti Ranjan Sahoo
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Correspondence to Dipti Ranjan Sahoo.

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Oinam, R.M., Sahoo, D.R. Numerical evaluation of seismic response of soft-story RC frames retrofitted with passive devices. Bull Earthquake Eng 16, 983–1006 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0240-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0240-5

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