Abstract
The present work focuses on the seismic behaviour of timber-laced masonry buildings with timber floors, before and after the application of intervention techniques. A two-storey building with timber ties (scale 1:2) was subjected to biaxial seismic actions. Prior to the execution of shaking table tests, the dynamic characteristics of the model were identified. The base acceleration was increased step-wise until the occurrence of significant but repairable damages. Afterwards, the masonry was strengthened by means of grouting, whereas the diaphragm action of the top floor of the building was enhanced and the model was re-tested. The tests on the timber reinforced model before strengthening show that the presence of timber ties within the masonry elements contributes to improved seismic behaviour. The performance of the model after strengthening shows that the selected intervention techniques led to a significant improvement of the seismic behaviour of the building model.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ASCE (2007) 41-06 Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings. ASCE/SEI 41-06, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia
Benedetti D, Carydis P, Pezzoli P (1998) Shaking table tests on 24 simple masonry buildings. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 27(1):67–90
Gavrilovic P, Stankovic V, Bojadziev M (1987) Experimental investigation of a model of masonry building on seismic shaking table. In: VIII congress of structural engineers, YU
Harris H, Sabnis G (1999) Structural modeling and experimental techniques, 2nd edn. CRC Press
Juhasova E, Sofronieb R, Bairrao R (2008) Stone masonry in historical buildings—ways to increase their resistance and durability. Eng Struct 30:2194–2205
Langenbach R (1989) Bricks, mortar, and earthquakes, historic preservation vs. earthquake safety. APT Bull 213(3/4):30–43
Langenbach R (2002) Survivors among the ruins: traditional houses in earthquakes in Turkey and India. APT Bull 33(2/3):47–56
Magenes G, Penna A, Galasco A (2010) A full-scale shaking table test on a two-storey stone masonry building. In: Proceedings of the 14th European conference on earthquake engineering, Ohrid, August 30–September 3 2010
Magenes G, Penna A, Rota M, Galasco A, Senaldi I (2012a) Shaking table test of a full scale stone masonry building strengthened maintaining flexible floor and roof diaphragms. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on structural analysis of historical construction, Wroclaw, Poland
Magenes G, Penna A, Rota M, Galasco A, Senaldi I (2012b) Shaking table test of a full scale stone masonry building with stiffened floor and roof diaphragms. In: Proceedings of the 15th world conference on earthquake engineering, 24–28 September 2012, Lisbon, Portugal
Mazzon N (2010) Influence of grout injection on the dynamic behaviour of stone masonry buildings. PhD Thesis, University of Padova
Meguro K, Navaratnaraj S, Sakurai K, Numada M (2012) Shaking table tests on ¼ scaled shapeless stone masonry houses with and without retrofit by polypropylene band meshes. In: Proceedings of the 15th world conference on earthquake engineering, 24–28 September 2012, Lisbon, Portugal
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Tassios TP (2012) Fluidity of hydraulic grouts for masonry strengthening. Mater Struct 45(12):1817–1828
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Tassios TP (2013a) Stability of hydraulic grouts for masonry strengthening. Mater Struct 46(10):1631–1652
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Tassios TP (2013b) Penetrability of hydraulic grouts. Mater Struct 46(10):1653–1671
Miltiadou-Fezans A, Papakonstantinou E, Zambas K, Panou A, Frantzikinaki K (2005) Design and application of hydraulic grouts of high injectability for structural restoration of the column drums of the Parthenon Opisthodomos. In: International conference on structural studies, repairs and maintenance of architectural heritage IX, 2005
Moropoulou A, Cakmak AS, Lohvync N (2000) Earthquake resistant construction techniques and materials on Byzantine monuments in Kiev. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 19(8):603–615
Palyvou C (1999) Akrotiri-Thera: the art of construction. Library of the Archaeological Society of Athens, No 183 (in Greek)
Shendova V, Rakicevic Z, Krstevska L, Tashkov L, Gavrilovic P (2012) Shaking table testing of models of historic buildings and monuments—IZIIS’ experience, role of seismic testing facilities in performance-based earthquake engineering geotechnical. Geol Earthq Eng 22:221–245
Tomaževic M (1992) Seismic rehabilitation of existing masonry buildings: research and practical implications. In: International symposium on earthquake disaster prevention, Mexico, 18–21 May 1992, vol 2, pp 260–276
Tomaževic M, Weiss P (2010) Displacement capacity of masonry buildings as a basis for the assessment of behavior factor: an experimental study. Bull Earthq Eng 8(6):1267–1294
Tomaževic M, Lutman M, Velechovsky T (1993) Aseismic strengthening of old stone-masonry buildings: is the replacement of wooden floors with R.C. slabs always necessary? Eur Earthq Eng 2:34–46
Touliatos P (2005) The box framed entity and function of the structures: the importance of wood’s role. In: Conservation of historic wooden structures: proceedings of the international conference, Florence, 22–27 February 2005
Touliatos P (2009) The Doheiarion Monastery in Mount Athos—The Architecture of the Katholikon and the Tower, National Technical University of Athens, 2009, 134 pp (in Greek)
Tsakanika E (2006) The structural role of timber in the masonry of palace type buildings in the Minoan Crete, Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Architecture, National Technical University of Athens (in Greek)
Tsakanika E, Mouzakis H (2010) A post-byzantine mansion in Athens. The restoration project of the timber structural elements. In: Proceedings of the world conference on timber engineering
Valluzzi M-R, Garbin E, Dalla Benetta M, Modena C (2010) In-plane strengthening of timber floors for the seismic improvement of masonry building. World Conference of Timber Engineering, Italy
Vintzileou E (2008) Effect of timber ties on the behaviour of historic masonry. J Struct Eng 134(6):961–972
Vintzileou E (2011) Timber-reinforced structures in Greece: 2500 BC–1900 AD. Proc Inst Civil Eng Struct Build 164(SB3):167–180
Vintzileou E, Skoura A (2009) Seismic behaviour of timber reinforced masonry buildings. In: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on protection of historical buildings, PROHITECH, Rome, in electronic form
Vintzileou E, Mouzakis Ch, Adami C-E, Karapitta L (2015) Seismic behavior of three-leaf stone masonry buildings before and after interventions: shaking table tests on a two-storey masonry model. Bull Earthq Eng 13(10):3107–3133
Acknowledgements
This research was carried out within the FP7 funded European Programme NIKER (Project Contract No. 244123), http://www.niker.eu/.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mouzakis, C., Adami, CE., Karapitta, L. et al. Seismic behaviour of timber-laced stone masonry buildings before and after interventions: shaking table tests on a two-storey masonry model. Bull Earthquake Eng 16, 803–829 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0220-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0220-9