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Experimental study in the shaking table of the input motion characteristics in the dynamic SSI of a SDOF model

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An Erratum to this article was published on 30 January 2015

Abstract

In conventional seismic design the capacity of the system is generally exploited only at the superstructure level. However, soil non-linearity as well as soil-foundation interface non-linearity can be crucial in the seismic response of structures. The results of tests performed on physical models allow the main aspects of these interaction mechanisms to be identified and also provide a benchmark for subsequent theoretical or numerical analyses. The present paper deals with two shaking table tests performed at the University of Bristol’s EERC laboratory. The tests were performed on a physical model consisting of a Leighton Buzzard sand deposit and a one-storey steel model structure. Some of the test results are presented and discussed in terms of acceleration and displacement responses. Both time- and frequency-domain representations were adopted to highlight the influence of the frequency and amplitude of the input motion on the coupled and/or uncoupled response of the tested soil-structure system, as well as the effect of soil non linear behaviour.

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Abbreviations

\(A_{\mathrm{i}}, f_{\mathrm{i}}\) :

Acceleration amplitude and frequency of the input motion applied to the table

\(AF, AF\hbox {s}\) :

Amplification function/s

\(C\) :

Uniformity coefficient

CLTST :

Cyclic loading torsional shear tests

\(d_{10}, d_{50}, d_{60}\) :

Diameter of the soil particles for which 10, 50 and 60 % of the particles are finer

\(d_{P}\) :

Half height of the soil deposit

\(D\) :

Damping ratio

\(D_{\mathrm{e}}\) :

Hysteretic damping ratio

\(D_{\mathrm{f}}, f_{\mathrm{f}}\) :

Damping ratio and natural frequency of the model structure placed on the sand deposit

\(D_{\mathrm{ff}}, f_{\mathrm{ff}}\) :

Damping ratio and natural frequency of the model structure “fixed” to the table

\(D_{\mathrm{s}}, f_{\mathrm{s}}\) :

Damping ratio and natural frequency of the sand deposit

\(D_{\mathrm{sf}}, f_{\mathrm{sf}}\) :

Damping ratio and natural frequency of the whole soil-frame system

\(D_{\mathrm{r}}\) :

Relative density

\(DSSI\) :

Dynamic soil-structure interaction

\(e\) :

Void ratio

\(FAS, FAS\hbox {s}\) :

Fourier amplitude spectrum/spectra

\(g\) :

Gravity acceleration

\(G_{s}\) :

Specific gravity

\(G_{0}\) :

Shear modulus at small strains

\(G, G({\upgamma })\) :

Shear modulus at the current shear strain \(\gamma \)

\(h_{d}\) :

Deposition height

\(H\) :

Height of the sand deposit

\(k_{\mathrm{o}}\) :

Lateral earth pressure coefficient at rest

\(k_{\mathrm{ff}}\) :

Stiffness of the model structure “fixed” to the table

\(m\) :

Mass of a single degree of freedom system

\(p'\) :

Mean effective stress

\(Q\) :

Surcharge due to the lead blocks on the roof

\(RCT\) :

Resonant column tests

\(SDOF\) :

Single-degree-of-freedom system

\(u(t)\) :

Time history of the horizontal displacement

\(t\) :

Time

\(V_{\mathrm{S}}\) :

Shear wave velocity

\(W\) :

Overall weight acting on the sand deposit

\(W_{\mathrm{m}}\) :

Overall weight of the model structure (including the steel roof plate)

\(W_{\mathrm{o}}\) :

Weight of the steel roof plate and of the lead blocks on the roof

\(W_{\mathrm{p}}\) :

Weight of the steel roof plate

\(W\hbox {s}\) :

Weight of the steel structure (elevation and foundation beams, columns)

\(z\) :

Depth from the sand surface

\({\upalpha }, {\upbeta }\) :

Fitting constants for Eq. (3)

\(\Delta z\) :

Vertical distance

\({\upgamma }\) :

Shear strain

\({\upgamma }_{\max }\) :

Maximum shear strain

\({\upgamma }_{\mathrm{s}}\) :

Soil unit weight

\({\upgamma }_{\mathrm{s,max}}, {\upgamma }_{\mathrm{s,min}}\) :

Soil unit weight corresponding to the minimum/maximum void ratio

\({\upeta },{\lambda }\) :

Fitting constants for Eq. (4)

\({\upsigma }'_{\mathrm{v}}\) :

Vertical effective stress

\({\upvarphi }\) :

Angle of shear strength

\({\uppsi }\) :

Dilatancy angle

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a research grant from the “European Consortium of Earthquake Shaking Tables” Project at the Earthquake Engineering Research Centre Laboratory (EERC) at Bristol University. Moreover, the Authors thank Prof. R. Severn, Prof. C. Taylor and all the technicians of the EERC at Bristol University for their invaluable collaboration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, 98166, S. Agata, Messina, Italy

    Giovanni Biondi

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy

    Maria Rossella Massimino & Michele Maugeri

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  1. Giovanni Biondi
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  2. Maria Rossella Massimino
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  3. Michele Maugeri
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Correspondence to Maria Rossella Massimino.

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This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Michele Maugeri.

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Biondi, G., Massimino, M.R. & Maugeri, M. Experimental study in the shaking table of the input motion characteristics in the dynamic SSI of a SDOF model. Bull Earthquake Eng 13, 1835–1869 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9696-8

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