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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Soft computing methodologies for estimation of bridge girder forces with perforations under tsunami wave loading

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This article was retracted on 31 March 2020

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Abstract

Tsunamis pose a great threat to coastal infrastructures. Bridges without adequate provisions for earthquake and tsunami loading generally are vulnerable when a tsunami occurs. During the last two disastrous tsunami events (i.e., the tsunami in the Indian Ocean and the tsunami that struck Japan), many bridges were damaged by the waves created by the tsunamis. In this paper, in order to address this crucial problem, we used soft computing techniques to design and develop a process that simulates the effects of perforations in the girders of bridges on reducing the forces applied on the bridge when a tsunami occurs. Soft computing methods have very good learning and prediction capabilities, which make it an effective tool for dealing with the uncertainties encountered when waves are generated by a tsunami. Laboratory experiments were conducted to acquire a better understanding of the effects of the factors involved and to check the data required for the soft computing methods. In order to predict the effects of perforations in the girder of a bridge on force reduction, novel intelligent soft computing schemes, support vector regression (SVR), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were investigated. In this study, the polynomial, linear, and radial basis function were used as the kernel function of the SVR to estimate the effects of perforations in a girder of a bridge. The performances of the proposed estimators were confirmed by simulation results. The SVR results were compared with the ANFIS results, and we observed that an improvement in predictive accuracy and the ability to generalize were achieved by the ANFIS approach.

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Change history

  • 31 March 2020

    The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article [1] because the validity of the content of this article cannot be verified. This article showed evidence of substantial text overlap (most notably with the articles cited [2-5]), peer review and authorship manipulation. Authors Shatirah Akib and Shahaboddin Shamshirband do not agree to this retraction. Authors Sadia Rahman and Dalibor Petkovi�� have not responded to correspondence about this retraction.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support by the high impact research grants of the University of Malaya (UM.C/625/ 1/HIR/61, account number: H-16001-00-D000061) is gratefully acknowledged. Also authors would like to thank the support of the University of Malaya and Ministry of Education, PPP fund, project number: PG 029-2012B.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Mechatronics and Control, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Niš, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 , Nis, Serbia

    Dalibor Petković

  2. Department of Computer System and Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603,  Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Shahaboddin Shamshirband

  3. Department of Computer Science, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), 46615-397 , Chalous, Mazandaran, Iran

    Shahaboddin Shamshirband

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Shatirah Akib & Sadia Rahman

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  1. Shatirah Akib
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  2. Sadia Rahman
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  3. Shahaboddin Shamshirband
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Correspondence to Shatirah Akib or Shahaboddin Shamshirband.

Additional information

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article because validity of the content of this article cannot be verified. This article showed evidence of substantial text overlap (most notably with Akib et al. 2014, Ramedani et al. 2014, Rahman et al. 2014, and Zakaria et al. 2014. See retraction note for full references), peer review and authorship manipulation. Authors Shatirah Akib and Shahaboddin Shamshirband do not agree to this retraction. Authors Sadia Rahman and Dalibor Petković have not responded to correspondence about this retraction.

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Akib, S., Rahman, S., Shamshirband, S. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Soft computing methodologies for estimation of bridge girder forces with perforations under tsunami wave loading. Bull Earthquake Eng 13, 935–952 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9656-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9656-3

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