Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Site specific response analysis for performance based design earthquake characteristics

  • Original Research Paper
  • Published:
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During strong earthquakes, seismic waves travelling towards the ground surface alter the engineering characteristics of the soil layers and consequently the characteristics of travelling seismic waves also change with respect to their frequency and amplitude contents. In assessing the site-specific design earthquake characteristics in seismically active zones for performance levels of Collapse Prevention, Life Safety, and Immediate Occupancy that may correspond to 72, 475 and 2475 year return period earthquakes, detailed site characterization and site response analyses may be required. This process may be conducted in two consecutive statistically independent stages. The first stage involves the seismic hazard study to assess the design earthquake characteristics on rock outcrop for selected exceedance levels and the second stage involves detailed site characterization and site response analyses to estimate design earthquake characteristics on the ground surface. The uncertainties arising from the source characteristics need to be taken into account by using a representative number of strong motion acceleration records for site response analyses recorded in locations that are compatible with the seismic hazard with respect to fault mechanism, earthquake magnitude, and source distance. In addition, the strong motion acceleration records should be compatible with respect to peak acceleration and acceleration response spectra levels estimated by the probabilistic or deterministic seismic hazard study. One approach is to use the uniform acceleration hazard spectra and another option is to adopt conditional mean spectrum on rock outcrop estimated in the first stage from the earthquake hazard study for scaling input motions for site response analysis. It was observed that the scaling methodology adopted may play an important role in the calculated earthquake characteristics on the ground surface. A semi empirical procedure was proposed to determine the site specific design earthquake characteristics on the ground surface. A parametric study was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology based on one dimensional site response analyses using Shake91 and DeepSoil site response codes to evaluate design earthquake characteristics on the ground surface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abrahamson NA (1992) Non-stationary spectral matching. Seismol Res Lett 63(1):30

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrahamson NA (1993) Non-stationary spectral matching program RSPMATCH. User manual

  • Abrahamson N, Atkinson G, Boore D, Bozorgnia Y, Campbell K, Chiou B, Idriss IM, Silva W, Youngs R (2008) Comparisons of the NGA ground-motion relations. Earthq Spectra 24(1):45–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansal A, Tönük G (2007) Source and site effects for microzonation. In: Pitilakis K (ed) Earthquake geotechnical engineering, ch 4. Springer, Berlin, pp 73–92

  • Ansal A, Tönük G (2009) Short comment on site specific earthquake ground motion characteristics for performance based design. In: Kokusho T, Tsukamoto Y, Yoshimine M (eds) Performance-based design in earthquake geotechnical engineering, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, UK, p 157

  • Ansal A, Durukal E, Tönük G (2006) Selection and scaling of real acceleration time histories for site response analyses. In: Proceedings of ETC12 workshop, Athens, Greece, pp 93–98

  • Ansal A, Akinci A, Cultrera G, Erdik M, Pessina V, Tönük G, Ameri G (2009) Loss estimation in Istanbul based on deterministic earthquake scenarios of the Marmara Sea region (Turkey). Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29(4):699–709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansal A, Kurtuluş A, Tönük G (2010) Seismic microzonation and earthquake damage scenarios for urban areas. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 30:1319–1328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ansal A, Tönük G, Kurtuluş A (2011) Site specific earthquake characteristics for performance based design. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on geotechnical earthquake engineering, Santiago, Chile

  • Ansal A, Tönük G, Kurtuluş A, Çetiner B (2012) Effect of spectra scaling on site specific design earthquake characteristics based on 1D site response analysis, Proceedings of 15WCEE, Lisbon

  • Baker JW (2011) Conditional mean spectrum: tool for ground motion selection. J Struct Eng 137(3):322–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bommer JJ, Acevedo AB (2004) The use real earthquake accelerograms as input to dynamic analysis. J Earthq Eng 8(1):43–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Bommer JJ, Scott SG, Sarma SK (2000) Hazard-consistent earthquake scenarios. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 19:219–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borcherdt RD (1994) Estimates of site dependent response spectra for design (methodology and justification). Earthq Spectra 10(4):617–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gasparini D, Vanmarcke EH (1976) SIMQKE: a program for artificial motion generation. Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock J, Watson-Lamprey J, Abrahamson NA, Bommer JJ, Markatis A, McCoy E, Mendis R (2006) An improved method of matching response spectra of recorded earthquake ground motion using wavelets. J Earthq Eng 10:67–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashash YMA (2005). DeepSoil V2.6 user manual and tutorial. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

  • Hashash YMA (2008) DeepSoil V3.7 user manual and tutorial. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

  • Hashash YMA (2011a) DeepSoil V4.0 user manual and tutorial. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

  • Hashash YMA (2011b) DeepSoil V5.0 user manual and tutorial. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

  • Hashash YMA, Phillips C, Groholski D (2010) Recent advances in non-linear site response analysis. In: Proceedings of the fifth international conference on recent advances in geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil dynamics

  • Idriss IM, Sun JI (1992) Shake91. A computer program for conducting equivalent linear seismic response analysis of horizontally layered soil deposits, modified based on the original SHAKE program by Schnabel, Lysmer and Seed 1972

  • Iyisan R (1996) Correlations between shear wave velocity and in-situ penetration test results. Tech J Turk Chamb Civ Eng 7(2):1187–1199 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • NEHRP (2003) Recommended provisions for new buildings and other structures. FEMA-450, prepared by the Building Seismic Safety Council for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Washington, DC

  • Phillips C, Hashash YMA (2009) Damping formulation for nonlinear 1D site response analyses. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29:1143–1158

    Google Scholar 

  • PEER (2012) Strong motion database. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. http://peer.berkeley.edu/

  • Silva WJ, Lee K (1987) WES RASCAL code for synthesizing earthquake ground motions. State-of-the-art for assessing earthquake hazards in the United States. Report 24, Miscellaneous paper S-73-1. US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS

  • Tönük G, Ansal A (2010) Selection and scaling of ground motion records for site response analysis. In: Proceedings of the 14th European conference of earthquake engineering, Ohrid. Paper no1386

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Gökçe Tönük & Barbaros Çetiner

  2. School of Engineering, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Atilla Ansal

  3. School of Engineering, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Aslı Kurtuluş

Authors
  1. Gökçe Tönük
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Atilla Ansal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aslı Kurtuluş
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Barbaros Çetiner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gökçe Tönük.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tönük, G., Ansal, A., Kurtuluş, A. et al. Site specific response analysis for performance based design earthquake characteristics. Bull Earthquake Eng 12, 1091–1105 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9529-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9529-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation