Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Damage evolution in reinforced concrete columns subjected to biaxial loading

  • Original Research Paper
  • Published:
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An analysis of the damage observed in 24 reinforced concrete (RC) columns tested under uniaxial and biaxial horizontal loading is presented. The test results show that for biaxial loading conditions specific damage occurs for lower drift demands when compared with the corresponding uniaxial demand (a reduction of 50–75 % was found). The damage distribution observed in each column is also analysed. No significant differences are found in the plastic hinge length for uniaxial and biaxial loading. The drift demands associated with each damage state are compared with reference values proposed in international guidelines. Finally, and based on the philosophy of the Park and Ang uniaxial damage index, two new expressions are proposed for the evaluation of damage in RC elements under biaxial loading. The results of the application of these expressions to the experimental results are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arêde A (1997) Seismic assessment of reinforced concrete frame structures with a new flexibility based element. PhD Thesis, Universidade do Porto, Porto

  • ATC40 (1996) Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing concrete buildings. Applied Technology Council, Redwood City

  • Bae S, Bayrak O (2008) Plastic hinge length of reinforced concrete columns. ACI Struct J 105:290–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Bento R (1996) Assessment of the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete framed structures: an approach based on damage indices. IST, Lisbon

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousias SN, Verzeletti G, Fardis MN, Gutierrez E (1995) Load-path effects in column biaxial bending with axial force. J Eng Mech 121(5): 596–605

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousias SN, Verzelleti G, Fardis MN, Magonette G (1992) RC columns in cyclic biaxial bending and axial load. In: 10th world conference on earthquake engineering, Madrid, pp 3041–3046

  • CEB (1996) RC frames under earthquake loading. Lausanne

  • Chung YS, Meyer C, Shinozuka M (1987) Seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete members. NCEER-87-0022, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY

  • Coelho E (1992) Comportamento sísmico de estruturas em pórtico de betão armado—Avaliação da resposta não-linear histerética. PhD thesis, IST, Lisbon

  • Dhakal RP, Fenwick RC (2008) Detailing of plastic hinges in seismic design of concrete structures. ACI Struct J 105:740–749

    Google Scholar 

  • Fardis MN, Economu SN, Antoniou AN, Komodromos PJ, Sfakianakis MG (1993) Damage measures andfFailure criteria-Part I. Contribuition of University of Patras, LNEC, Lisboa, Final report of cooperative research on the seismic response of reinforced concrete structures-2nd Phase

  • FEMA273 (1996) NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings; FEMA 274. Commentary, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC

  • FEMA356 (2000) Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC

  • Ghobarah A (2001) Performance-based design in earthquake engineering: state of development. Eng Struct 23:878–884

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hachem MM, Mahin SA, Moehle JP (2003) Performance of circular reinforced concrete bridge columns under bidirectional earthquake loading. PEER 2003/06–UCB/ENG-9374, University of California, Berkeley

  • Kunnath SK, Reinhorn AM, Park YJ (1990) Analytical modelling of inelastic seismic response of R/C structures. ASCE J Struct Eng 116(4): 996–1017

    Google Scholar 

  • Park YJ, Ang AH-S, Wen YK (1987) Damage-limiting aseismic design of buildings. Earthq Spectra 3(1):1–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Park R, Paulay T (1975) Reinforced concrete structures. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Park YJ, Ang HS (1985) Seismic damage model for Reinforced concrete. ASCE J Struct Eng 111(4):722–739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu F, Li W, Pan P, Qian J (2002) Experimental tests on RC columns under biaxial quasi-static loading. Eng Struct 24:419–428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues H, Varum H, Arêde A, Costa A (2012) A comparative analysis of energy dissipation and equivalent viscous damping of RC columns subjected to uniaxial and biaxial loading. Eng Struct 35:149–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues H, Arêde A, Varum H, Costa AG (2013) Experimental evaluation or rectangular refinforced concrete column behaviour under biaxial cyclic loading. Earthquake Eng struct 42:236–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • SEAOC-Vision 2000 (1995) Performance based seismic engineering of buildings, vols I and II: conceptual framework. Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, CA

  • Stephens JE, Yao JPT (1987) Damage assessment using response measurements. ASCE J Struct Eng 113: 787–801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuno K, Park R (2004) Experimental study of reinforced concrete bridge piers subjected to bi-directional quasi-static loading. Struct Eng Struct JSCE 21(1):11s–26s

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varum H (2003) Seismic assessment, strengthening and repair of existing buildings. PhD Thesis, University of Aveiro, Aveiro

  • Vicente R, Rodrigues H, Varum H, Costa A, Silva JM (2012) Performance of masonry enclosure walls: lessons learned from recent earthquakes. Earthq Eng Eng Vib 11@(1):23–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams MS, Sexsmith RG (1995) Seismic damage indices for concrete structures: a state-of-the-art review. Earthq Spectra 11:319–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This paper reports research developed under financial support provided by “FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia”, Portugal, namely through the PhD grants of the first author with reference SFRH/BD/63032/2009, and through the research project PTDC/ECM/102221/2008.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Hugo Rodrigues, Humberto Varum & Aníbal Costa

  2. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    António Arêde

Authors
  1. Hugo Rodrigues
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. António Arêde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Humberto Varum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Aníbal Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hugo Rodrigues.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rodrigues, H., Arêde, A., Varum, H. et al. Damage evolution in reinforced concrete columns subjected to biaxial loading. Bull Earthquake Eng 11, 1517–1540 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9439-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9439-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation