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Seismic vulnerability of bridges in transport networks subjected to environmental deterioration

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Abstract

This paper investigates the problem of management, maintenance and planning of interventions in transport networks located in seismic zones, in relation to the actual state of degradation of their most vulnerable elements, as bridges. The study consists in two phases: the first phase is concerned with definition of the seismic vulnerability of a typical bridge in the network, through the construction of fragility curves calculated taking into account the corrosion of the reinforcing steel as the main cause of environmental deterioration. Once the fragility curves of the deteriorated bridges are computed, the second phase consists in the analysis of the vulnerability of the transport network in which the bridges are included taking into account the modification of the traffic flows when bridge infrastructures are damaged. The results of this pilot study can be used as a first step for a proper allocation of economic resources in the planning of seismic retrofit interventions to minimize the overall risk and manage the immediate post-earthquake emergency phase and guide rescuers in reaching the affected and critical areas.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 , Padova, Italy

    Mariano Angelo Zanini, Carlo Pellegrino, Riccardo Morbin & Claudio Modena

Authors
  1. Mariano Angelo Zanini
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  2. Carlo Pellegrino
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  3. Riccardo Morbin
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  4. Claudio Modena
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carlo Pellegrino.

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

In the following, the main steps for the construction of the fragility curves for the bridge presented in this study, according to the above-mentioned procedure, is presented.

  1. 1.

    Assembling of a group of accelerograms compatible with the elastic spectrum of the site of interest. In this study, according to the Italian Code for Constructions (Italian Ministry of Infrastructures 2008), seven artificial accelerograms were considered for the analysis of the structure in longitudinal and transverse direction. Each artificial accelerogram is scaled by a numerical factor to obtain various values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) to perform the fragility analysis.

  2. 2.

    Generation of statistical samples of the bridge considering significant modelling parameters. Here two main variables have been considered for the pier: steel yielding strength \(f_{Y}\) and unconfined concrete strength \(f_{c}\). A probability density function is associated to each variable. These functions are subdivided into finite intervals to match the intervals and make nominally identical bridge samples, but statistically different. 15 bridge samples are considered in this study (see, as an example, Table 3).

    Table 3 Characteristics and probability of 15 bridge samples
    Full size table
  3. 3.

    Run of a nonlinear time history analysis for each ground motion-bridge sample. In this study displacement on pier top was monitored throughout the analyses.

  4. 4.

    For each analysis, peak responses in longitudinal and transversal directions were recorded in order to calculate the damage as shown in Eq. (1). These results were plotted versus the value of the intensity measure for that ground motion in a bi-logarithmic plane (see Eq. (3)). A linear regression of these data is then used to estimate \(A\) and \(B\) coefficients, medium value and dispersion.

  5. 5.

    The fragility curve for a significant bridge component (e.g. the pier), at a certain Performance Level and direction (longitudinal or transversal) can be calculated numerically solving the integral in Eq. (5) by means of Eq. (6) and procedure described in Sect. 2.

  6. 6.

    Finally, the fragility curve of the entire bridge for each Performance Level can be calculated by means of Eq. (7) (see Table 4).

    Table 4 Values of the fragility curves for transversal direction of the bridge at \(\text{ t}=0\) years
    Full size table

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Zanini, M.A., Pellegrino, C., Morbin, R. et al. Seismic vulnerability of bridges in transport networks subjected to environmental deterioration. Bull Earthquake Eng 11, 561–579 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-012-9400-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-012-9400-9

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