Abstract
The vulnerability index method, in its version developed in the framework of the European project Risk-UE, has been adapted and applied in this article, to evaluate the seismic risk for the city of Barcelona (Spain) through a GIS based tool. According to this method, which defines five damage states, the action is expressed in terms of the macroseismic intensity and the seismic quality of the buildings by means of a vulnerability index. The probabilities of damage states are obtained considering a binomial or beta-equivalent probability distribution. The most relevant seismic risk evaluation results obtained, for current buildings and monuments of Barcelona, are given in the article as scenarios of expected losses.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anagnos T, Rojahn C, Kiremidjian A (1995) NCEER-ATC joint study on fragility of buildings, Report NCEER-95-0003. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo
ATC-13 (1985) Earthquake damage evaluation data for California, ATC-13. Applied Technology Council, Redwook City
Barbat AH, Moya FY, Canas JA (1996) Damage scenarios simulation for seismic risk assessment in urban zones. Earthq Spectra 12(3): 371–394
Barbat AH, Mena U, Yepez F (1998) Evaluación probabilista del riesgo sísmico en zonas urbanas. Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería 14: 247–268
Barbat AH, Pujades LG, Lantada N (2006) Performance of buildings under earthquake in Barcelona, Spain. Comput Aided Civ Infrastruct Eng 21: 573–593
Barbat AH, Lagomarsino S, Pujades LG (2006b) Vulnerability assessment of dwelling buildings. In: Sousa C, Roca A, Goula X (eds) Assessing an managing earthquake risk. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 115–134
Barbat AH, Pujades LG, Lantada N (2008) Seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: application to Barcelona. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 28(10–11): 851–865 (special issue Urban earthquake hazard and damage assessment)
Barbat AH, Carreño ML, Pujades LG, Lantada N, Cardona OD, Marulanda MC (2009) Seismic vulnerability and risk evaluation methods for urban areas. A review with application to a pilot area. Struct Infrastruct Eng. doi:10.1080/15732470802663763
Bard PY (1997) Local effects on strong motion ground motion: basic physical phenomena and estimation methods for microzoning studies, In: SERINA: seismic risk and integrated seismological, geotechnical and structural approaches. ITSAK, European Commission, Directorate General for Science and Development
Benedetti D, Petrini V (1984) Sulla vulnerabilitá sismica di edifici in muratura: proposte di un metodo di valutazione. L’industria delle Construzioni 149: 66–78
Bernardini A (2000) The vulnerability of buildings—evaluation on a national scale of the seismic vulnerability of ordinary building. CNR-GNDT, Rome
Boletín Económico de la Construcción (2007) Revista trimestral de precios del ramo de la construcción. Año LXVIII, trimestre 4. No. 272
Carreño ML, Cardona OD, Barbat AH (2007) Urban seismic risk evaluation: a holistic approach. Nat Hazards 40: 137–142
Carreño ML, Cardona OD, Barbat AH (2007) Disaster risk management performance index. Nat Hazards 41: 1–20
Castellò D, Mañà F (2003) Study of the seismic vulnerability of the city of Barcelona within the framework of the Risk-UE European project. RISK-UE project: an advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios with applications to different European towns. Contract No.EVK4-CT-2000-00014, Barcelona
Cid J, Susagna T, Goula X, Chavarria L, Figueras S, Fleta J, Casas A, Roca A (2001) Seismic zonation of Barcelona based on numerical simulation of site effects. Pure Appl Geophys 158: 1–19
Coburn A, Spence R (2002) Earthquake protection, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester
Cornell CA (1968) Engineering seismic hazard analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Am 59(5): 1583–1606
Departament d’Estadistica (2007) La població de Barcelona, 2006. Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona (in catalan)
Egozcue JJ, Barbat A, Canas JA, Miquel J, Banda E (1991) A method to estimate intensity occurrence probabilities in low seismic activity regions. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 20: 43–60
Faccioli E (2006) Seismic hazard assessment for derivation of earthquake scenarios in Risk-UE. Bull Earthq Eng 4: 341–364
FEMA/NIBS (2002) Earthquake loss estimation methodology, HAZUS-99 service release 2 (SR2) technical 533 manual. National Institute of Building Sciences for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, 534, Washington, DC
Fleta J, Escuer J, Goula X, Olivera C, Combes Ph, Grellet B, Granier Th (1996) Zonación tectónica, primer estadio de la zonación sismotectónica del NE de la Península Ibérica (Cataluña). Geogaceta 20: 853–856
Giovinazzi S, Lagomarsino S (2002) Wp04: guidelines for the implementation of the level I methodology for the vulnerability assessment of current buildings. RISK-UE project: an advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios with applications to different European towns. Contract No.EVK4-CT-2000-00014, Genoa
GNDT: Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terremoti (1994) Scheda di esposizione e vulnerabilità e di rilevamento danni di primo livello e secondo livello (muratura e cemento armato), Roma
Goula X, Godefroy P (1985) Évaluation de l’alea simique regional. Zonage à petite échelle. Génie Parasismique, pp 207–221
Grellet B, Combes Ph, Garnier Th, Phillip H (1993) Sismotectonique de la France Métropolitane. Mémories de la Sociéte Géologique de France, No 164, vol I, 76 pp
Grünthal G (1998) European macroseismic scale 1998. Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie, Luxemburg
Gutenberg B, Richter CF (1954) Seismicity of the earth and associated phenomena. Princeton University Pres, New Jersey
HAZUS (1999) Earthquake loss estimation methodology technical manual, prepared by the National Institute of Building Sciences for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Washington, DC
INFOCCA (2002) Informació del Centre de Cartografia Automàtica (INFOCCA). Institut Municipal d’Informática, Ajuntament de Barcelona (in catalan)
Irizarry J (2004) An advanced approach to seismic risk assessment. Application to the cultural heritage and the urban system of Barcelona. Ph.D. Thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona
Irizarry J, Goula X, Susagna T, Roca A, Mañ á F (2004) Earthquake risk scenarios for monuments in Barcelona, Spain. In: Proceedings of the 13th world conference on earthquake engineering, Vancouver
Kappos A, Pitilakis K, Stylianidis K, Morfidis K (1995) Cost-benefit analysis for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings in Thessaloniki, based on a hybrid method of vulnerability assessment. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on seismic zonation, Nice,vol 1, pp 406–413
Kallberg KT, Cornell CA (1969) Seismic risk in Southern California. Research Report MIT, Department of Civil engineering, Boston
Lagomarsino S (2006) On the vulnerability assessment of monumental buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 4: 445–463
Lagomarsino S, Giovinazzi S (2006) Macroseismic and mechanical models for the vulnerability and damage assessment of current buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 4: 415–443
Lagomarsino S, Giovinazzi S, Podestà S, Resemini S (2003) Wp5: vulnerability of historical and monumental buildings handbook. RISK-UE: an advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios with applications to different European towns. Contract No. EVK4-CT-2000-00014
Lagomarsino S, Podestà S, Resemini S (2004) Observational and mechanical models for the vulnerability assessment of monumental buildings. In: Proceedings of the 13th world conference earthquake engineering, Vancouver
Lantada N (2007) Evaluación del riesgo sísmico mediante métodos avanzados y técnicas GIS. Aplicación a la ciudad de Barcelona. Doctoral Thesis. Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona Available via DIALOG. http://www.tdx.cat/TDX-0401109-133809. Accessed 30 Jan 2009
Lantada N, Pujades LG, Barbat AH (2008) Vulnerability index and capacity spectrum based methods for urban seismic risk evaluation. A comparison. Nat Hazards. doi:10.1007/s11069-007-9212-4
Lungu D, Aldea A, Arion A, Vacareanu R, Petrescu F, Cornea T (2001) WP1 report: European distinctive features, inventory database and typology. RISK-UE project: an advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios with applications to different European towns. Contract No. EVK4-CT-2000-00014
Martí JO (2000) Anàlisi de risc sísmic en la ciutat de Barcelona. Aspectes relacionats amb l’evolució espai—temporal del risc, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (in catalan)
Milutinoviç ZV, Trendafiloski GS (2003) WP04: vulnerability of current buildings handbook. RISK-UE project: an advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios with applications to different European towns. Contract No. EVK4-CT-2000-00014, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), Skopje
McGuire R (1976) EQRISK: evaluation of earthquake risk to site. Fortran computer program for seismic risk analysis. US Geological Survey Open File Report 76–67
Mouroux P, Bertrand M, Bour M, Brun BL, Depinois S, Masure P, Risk-UE Team (2004) The European Risk-UE project: an advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios. In: Proceedings of the 13th world conference earthquake engineering, Vancouver (CD-ROM, Paper No. 3329)
MSK-81 (1981) Seismic intensity scale in report on the ad-hoc panel meeting of experts on up-dating of the MSK-64 seismic intensity scale. Jena, 1981. Gerlands Beitr Geophys, Leipzig
NCSE-02 (2002) Normativa de Construcción Sismorresistente Española, Comisión Permanente de Normas Sismorresistentes, Real Decreto 997/2002. Boletín Oficial del Estado No. 244 del 11 de octubre de 2002
NCSE-94 (1994) Norma de Construcción Sismorresistente Española, Parte General y de Edificación, Comisión Permanente de Normas Sismorresistentes, Real Decreto 2543/1994, Boletín Oficial del Estado No 33 del 29 de Diciembre de 1994: 3936–3980
Olivera C, Riera A, Lambert J, Banda E, Alexandre P (1994) Els terratrèmols de l’any 1373 al Pirineu: efectes a Espanya i França. Servei Geològic de Catalunya. Generalitat de Catalunya, Monografies, No. 3
Paricio A (2001) Secrets d’un sistema constructiu: l’Eixample. Edicions UPC, Barcelona
Perkins JB, Harrald J, Jeong D, Chuaqui B (1996) Shaken awake estimates of uninhabitable dwelling units and peak shelter populations in future earthquakes affecting the San Francisco Bay region. Association of Bay Area Governments, Oakland
PGS-1 (1968) Norma sismorresistente PGS-1(1968), parte A, Comisión Interministerial de la Presidencia del Gobierno, Decreto 106/1968, del 16 de enero de 1969
Secanell R (1999) Avaluació de la perillositat sísmica a Catalunya: anàlisi de sensibilitat per a diferents models d′ocurrència i paràmetres sísmics, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Barcelona
Secanell R, Goula X, Susagna T, Fleta J, Roca A (2004) Seismic hazard zonation of Catalonia, Spain, integrating uncertainties. J Seismol 8: 24–40
Singhal A, Kiremidjian AS (1996) Method for probabilistic evaluation of seismic structural damage. J Struct Eng ASCE 122(12): 1459–1467
Sponheuer W (1960) Methoden zur Herdtirefenbestimmung in der Makroseismic. Freiberger Forschungshefte, C88
Susagna T, Goula X (1998) Atlas Sísmic de Catalunya, vol 1. Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya
Udwin D (1981) Introductory spatial analysis. Ed. Methuen, London
Vacareanu R, Lungu, D, Aldea A, Arion C (2004) WP07: report seismic risk scenarios handbook. Risk-UE Project, Bucarest
Whitman RW (1973) Damage probability matrices for prototype buildings. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering Research, Report R73-57, Cambridge
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lantada, N., Irizarry, J., Barbat, A.H. et al. Seismic hazard and risk scenarios for Barcelona, Spain, using the Risk-UE vulnerability index method. Bull Earthquake Eng 8, 201–229 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9148-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9148-z