We studied the role of monoamines in the regulation of functional activity of granulocyte-macrophage precursors during neuroses. Under conditions of conflict situation and paradoxical sleep deprivation, monoamines of the central nervous system regulate proliferation and differentiation via α-adrenergic structures on granulomonocytopoietic precursors and cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment.